The recently released NASA budget has researchers shaking their heads and Centauri Dreams readers writing to check on the status of some of the programs we've highlighted here. The news is indeed bleak -- at least temporarily so -- and what is particularly grating is the decision to cut numerous worthwhile projects in NASA's strongest areas while funding a whopping 17 additional Shuttle flights. That these moves are counterproductive should be obvious to anyone who has just lived through the years of Cassini, Huygens, Stardust, Spirit, Opportunity, Deep Impact... The list could go on. The success of the robotic exploration of the Solar System (now pushing into the interstellar regions beyond) has been outstanding, but in terms of public relations it seems dwarfed by a manned program that is now directed at entirely questionable goals. The fact that the egregiously out-of-date Space Shuttle continues to leach funds from proven robotic technologies makes the disparity all the more...
Back to the News: The Pioneer Anomaly
Centauri Dreams now returns to its normal publication schedule, after a brief hold to allow the recent post on the creation of an interstellar foundation to receive maximum visibility. The good ideas that came in both through comments as well as e-mail now go to the founding members of the foundation, and as further news develops, I will publish it here. If you would like to make a suggestion about the name of the foundation, feel free to send it either as a comment on the original post or as an e-mail message to me. But now we move back to research news, and an issue that needs updating. The Pioneeer Anomaly has caught our attention before -- both Pioneer spacecraft seem to be slowing down as they depart our Solar System in ways that challenge conventional theory. The Planetary Society's Pioneer Anomaly Team has launched an effort to recover Pioneer datasets and analyze their contents which has now examined over eleven years of Pioneer 10 data and about four years from Pioneer 11....
Building a Foundation for Practical Starflight
Long-time Centauri Dreams readers know that I've written repeatedly about a non-profit foundation to support research into interstellar flight. The groundwork for this foundation, as you will see below, dates back over a decade. It is now time to get busy with practicalities, the first of which is the choice of a name. In 1993, a father and son team, Ed and Jon Hujsak, tracked down the leading researchers on advanced space propulsion and together they founded the "Interstellar Propulsion Society." Some of its 15 advisors included Robert Forward, Greg Matloff, Tony Martin, Geoff Landis, Bob Zubrin, Dana Andrews, and Marc Millis. With the Internet and digital libraries now available to facilitate collaboration, this grass-roots society aimed to "accelerate scientific and engineering advancement in space propulsion, leading to manned missions to other star system at fractional light speeds, relativistic velocities and beyond." But the Interstellar Propulsion Society was short-lived....
To Find a Transiting Planet
Anyone involved in exoplanetary science shares a common dream: a view of a blue and green world returned from an advanced imaging system of the sort that may one day fly aboard Terrestrial Planet Finder or other missions. But as we wait for breakthroughs in space-based hardware, planetary detections keep occurring. And astronomer Greg Laughlin (University of California, Santa Cruz) has a thought on what we might find using today's technologies. Laughlin notes that that nine extrasolar planets are known to transit their parent stars (i.e., they pass in front of the star as seen from Earth). "It would be nice to find a transiting planet with a longer period," he adds. "Preferably, this would be a giant planet with towering thunderstorms and warm, drenching rains, and orbited by a habitable Earth-sized moon that we could detect with HST photometry." Nice indeed, for that moon would be our first candidate for a life-bearing world in the terrestrial mode, a real coup for transit studies....
Single Stars Common in the Galaxy
Having grown up in the belief that most stars in the galaxy are binaries, Centauri Dreams has found a recent paper by Charles Lada fascinating. Lada (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) argues persuasively that we have misunderstood the distribution of binary systems because of a key assumption: that the frequency of binary pairs is roughly the same in all stellar types. A bit of history: William Herschel's early work on binary stars produced hundreds of visual pairs in the early 19th Century, an introduction to the tens of thousands later catalogued. In the late 20th Century, studies of main sequence F and G type stars indicated that a high percentage (as many as 80 percent) were members of binary or multiple star systems. From this came the conclusion that most stars followed the pattern established by F and G stars; the Sun, in other words, was an anomaly as a G-type star that is also single. But Lada argues that two things have now changed our view. First, we've learned...
Still More on 2003 UB313
Hard on the heels of the recent Hubble photograph of 2003 UB313 comes further news on the size of this increasingly interesting object. While Hubble showed that the newly discovered '10th planet' was only slightly larger than Pluto (and therefore smaller than originally thought), a German team has now provided further data suggesting that the object has a diameter of about 3000 kilometers, roughly 700 kilometers larger than that of Pluto. Measuring distant objects is tricky enough at Pluto's distance, but 2003 UB313 can reach 97 AU at the most distant point in its orbit, almost twice as far as Pluto ever gets from the Sun. To get an accurate reading, astronomers must know something about the reflectivity of the object. But what Frank Bertoldi (University of Bonn and the Max-Planck-Institute for Radioastronomy) and Wilhelm Altenhoff (MPIfR) managed to do was to combine optical observations with heat measurements at a wavelength of 1.2 mm, where reflected sunlight is negligible. The...