265 Comments

1. James M. Essig on December 19, 2007 at 19:26

   Hi Forrest and George;

   The idea of creating large planets out of Oort Cloud comets and other debris seems interesting. I hear there might as much as one or more solar masses worth of comets etc in the Oort Cloud. Perhaps the hydrogen within the comets could be fabricated into some form of super strong metal as is a predicted state of hydrogen under high enough pressure. Other elements could be used in construction as well such as Carbon via carbon nanotube material, artificially produced diamond, etc while remaining sources of fusionable elements could be used as fuel for energy infrastructure. A huge number of planetary bodies could thus be fabricated.

   Thanks;

   Your Friend Jim

2. forrest noble on December 20, 2007 at 0:15

   Yeah George, The most common type of artificial gravity is centrifugal pressure, a rotating space colony. It’s very simple, once you get it spinning it will stay spinning– anybody inside will experience a force toward the outside if it’s cylindrical. You could make it 1 G force if you wanted to. The only other type of artificial gravity that I know of is acceleration.

   Jim, George, these ideas will probably happen some day. It would be nice to find a lot of this stuff in the Cuppier Belt since it’s a lot closer. Initially we’ll have plenty to do in the asteroid belt, mining, and manufacturing close by on an asteroid space station. There might be a considerable amount of ice there too, although to date we haven’t identified much yet. The interiors of asteroids might be a good place to grow food– for hungry space travelers. Little chance of cave-ins, and earth equivalent atmospheric pressures in these chambers seems like relatively simple engineering. Oxygen could be manufactured from ice or other minerals.

   I also think there will be lots of future uses for carbon nano-tubes– maybe even within a decade– as strengthening addendums and as carbon composite materials.

   all for now, your friend forrest

3. James M. Essig on December 24, 2007 at 5:35

   Hi George and Forrest;

   Thanks for the above comments.

   As I logged on to the PPRII overflow thread, I saw the advertizement for the rare Earth superstrong magnets and so another idea on which to comment occurred to me regarding manned interstellar propupulsion.

   The idea essentially involves producing a huge magnetic disk as a galactic engineering project wherein the disk would have a diameter of several lightyears to 100s of thousands of ligthyears accross. The intensity of the magnetic field of this huge permenant magnet would be about 2 or 3 Tesla if made from ordinary magnetic material or it could be as high as 10s of trillions of Tesla if the disk was much much smaller and made of some particles with magnetic dipole moments of as yet unknown intensity, all alligned in paralell orientation.

   The basic idea here is that the magnetic field would be used to propell a space craft outward and away from disk simply by activating an on board very intense magnetic field produced by an electromagnet wherein the magnetic field orientation would be very precisely numerically controlled and kept in a “+ -, – +” or “- +, + -” orientation relative to the disk so that the space craft could shoot out from the disk with tremendous accelleration.

   The maximum magnetic field intensity of the space craft could be any where from 10 Tesla all the way to 100s of trillions of Tesla if the magnetic field where produced by electromagnets with windings composed of some sort of exotic superconducting neutronium which might be required because of the intense forces exerted on the coil by its own self magnetic interaction.

   One can clearly see the tremendous accellerations that could be attained here and how the gamma factor of a transiting space craft could well become many orders of magnitude greater than unity. A simple 2 to 3 Telsa old fashioned magnetic resonance body scan can accellerate a steel or iron object the size of a penny with such attactive force that it is pulled toward the magnet from a distance of a few meters to gain enough velocity to strike the magnetic coil housing with the force of a rifle bullet. Note that this was the reason why all magnetic materials where strickly forbidden in magnetically shielded rooms where an MR scanner was in operation. Note that the energy contained within a differential magnetized region of space is proportional to the contained magnetic fields intensity squared and so for magnetic fields on the order of 10s or trillions of Tesla, one can see the tremendous potential energies that are involved in any associated space craft accelleration.

   For magnetized disks on the diametric scales of a few light years to hundreds of thousands of lightyears, gamma factors of many many orders of magnitude greater than unity are possible with widely extended space craft based magsails even for magnetic launch disks possessing relatively weak magnetic field of perhaps only in the 0.001 to 0.1 Tesla range, with the upper value of this range still being equal to the magnetic field intensity of a good very strong permenant magnet.

   For some sort of magnetic disk and/or electromagnet powered space craft of the “unholy” magnetic field strength of 10 EXP 50 to 10 EXP 55 Tesla (which is expected to be the maximum possible magnetic field strength range above which the structure of the vacuum permeated by such a magnetic field would break down in such a manner that the magnetic field would be converted into exotic particles such as magnetic monopoles), one can see the tremendous potential of space craft accelleration. Remember that a cubic millimeter of space permeated by a magnetic field with the intensity of 10 EXP 55 Tesla would have several orders of magnitude more energy contained within it then the entire mattergy content of the observable universe. Thus, for powering electromagnet based magnetic drivers having such a magnetic field intensity, some exotic means for supplying the energy would need to be provided such as an means to extract the energy from higher dimensional space, a means to extract the energy form paralell dimensional space, an means to extract the energy from other universes, a means to extract the energy from somehow depolarized zero point vacuum energy states, or perhaps some future technology enabling the creation of mass and/or energy out of no or relatively very little precursor mattergy. One can see that a 10 metric ton space craft accellerated within a field of 10 EXP 55 Tesla permeating 1 million cubic meters (i.e., wherein the field has this value as its average value over a volume of a million cubic meters) could be accellerated to a gamma factor of roughly 10 EXP 75! What new physics might we discover with such a high gamma factor! Unfortunately, great care would need to be taken such that a macroscopic region of space with such a high magnetic field energy level does not collapse into a blackhole as it otherwise normally would since the energy density of such a magnetic field containing region of space would be many orders of magnitude greater than the volumetric mattergy density of a blackhole’s event horizon.

   One a much more limited scale, a magnetic disk having the diameter of the planetary solar system with a magnetic field intensity of say a few tesla could accellerate a space craft with an onboard electromaget-wise field strength of 10 to 100 Tesla to a gamma factor of one half an order to an order of magnetude above unity without a magsail and many orders above unity with a large extended magsail mechanism.

   Instead of relying on numeric space craft magnetic field adjustments, the magnetic disk could have a large rod or pole which is non-magnetic and held in a tensioned arrangment by a guyed mechanism wherein the space craft would accellerate down the rod or poll in such away that its magnetic field orientation would be maintained in an optimal manner.

   On yet a smaller scale, a magnetic disk could be set up on say the moon with a diameter of say 10 to 100 kilometers wherein the magnetic disk could be manufactured out of ordinary magnetic materials to produce field strengths equal to the rare Earth magnets advertised in the above attached link to this site. It is interesting to note note that a guide rail or poll which could optionally be guyed could contain a means by which a permanently magnetized pod with magnetic force opposing polarities could be pulled downward by a mechanical drive mechanism which would then be released after the pod was loaded with material to be launched out into the solar system such as for space construction projects, space station or planetary base supply missions, etc..

   Alternatively, the craft could be magnetically neutral but have an activatable electromagnet mechanism inorder to propell it away for the disk. For curved disks that cover much of the lunar surface with intense magnetic fields, perhaps exiting magsail space craft could reach relativistic velocites if only mildly so thus permitting launch of manned interstellar space flights. No doubt, however, that some sort of on board G-force cancellation mechanism would be required to avoid the crushing of the crew within the space craft by the very large accelleration induced forces within.

   Anyhow, that is my muzings based on the simple reading of an advertizement for toy or laboratory grade super strong rare Earth magnets. I hope I did not ramble on too much.

   That’s all for now.

   Thanks;

   Your Friend Jim

4. george scaglione on December 24, 2007 at 14:37

   jim hope this won’t be regarded as having been submitted twice.got so excited to look stuff up about the above i wound up messing up my screens and apparently lost what i had said thus far! but what i had said was “great fantastic incredible idea!” but when i discussed it with my wife she said,”great but how does he propose to realize an engineering project of such scope?!” i said,well if jim forrest and i work all week end!? lol, but seriously that was some really good idea and based on so little! you really are a genius.now,i know that i am repeating myself.but… i can easily imagine those million year old alien civilizations having such things.maybe really well “tuned” ones that could do even more with a “little” less! thank you very much i can just see alot of answers accumulating under this topic! all the best your friend george

5. forrest noble on December 24, 2007 at 16:38

   Jim, George, Magnetically neutral until needed, would probably be a needed characteristic as you suggested. As I had mentioned a megnetic laser is a feasible device according to my theories. Such a device could repell a craft to a high velocity as well as suspending shield material in front of the craft. Also as previously mentioned such a device could interact with inter-stellar mediums along pre-existing energy paths within a galaxy that could become space travel highways.

   We have made a few good non-ferric electro-magnets to date. In the future we probably will be able to make much lighter electo-magnetic materials for these kinds of propultion systems, possibly enebling such crafts to escape/ propel away from gravity wells as large as the earth.

   I believe these kinds of systems, as a whole or in part, will be used for some future mode of space transportation.

   Merry Chistmas and a prosperous New Year to one and all,

   your friend forrest

6. george scaglione on December 26, 2007 at 10:57

   jim,forrest…fantastic ideas! just wait and see what we could come up with in the new year!!! as i guess i mentioned i think that i will be doing my part too.have several books on the universe( i’ve already mentioned a case history about that one) and even manned space flight awaiting me…einstein and soon hawking in the wings!!! well thats my comment for now hope i hear from you guys and every body else soon ! especially as we head into lol as i like to call it…2008 “without the space odyssey!”;) your friend everyone george and…if i don’t talk to everybody,also, HAVE A GREAT NEW YEAR!!!!! bye for now g

7. James M. Essig on December 27, 2007 at 3:14

   Hi George and Forrest and all other Folk;

   Thanks for the above responses and postings.

   We have all heard of the concept of volumes in lower dimensional space embedded in or a part of a higher dimensional space such as a plane in three dimensional space, a line as part of a plane, a point as part of a line etc.

   Now imagine the concept of 4-D spacetime embedded in 4-D spacetime, but not in the paralell but seperate spacetime dimensional characteristics of the popular paralell dimensional space time in science fiction. One can imagine 5-D, 6-D, 7-D, …, Infinite D,… dimensional spacetimes exactly superposed upon each other and indentified only by their ordinality or numerousity. Furthermore consider an arbitrary cardinality of infinity numbers of 3D, …, infinite D,… spacetimes superimposed exactly upon one another differentiated only by their ordinality. Is there any real world physical analogue to the above concepts?

   Furthermore, imagine the concept of ith dimensional space superposed on jth dimensional space to form an exact fit or superposition wherein i is not equal j, wherein i is much much less than j or wherein i is much much greater than j, wherein i is finite and j is infinite, wherein i is irrational and j is rational, wherein i is a positive integer, and j is a non-integer, wherein one or both of i and j are negative in the sense of space with a negative number of dimensions, wherein one or both of i and j are imaginary or complex numbers, and the list goes on to all of the possible permutations of these number types. Now, could their be any real world analogue to the above concepts?

   Further, imagine superposed space times of same or dissimilar numbers of dimensions but wherein each of the space times has quantitatively and/or qualitatively different degrees and types of curvature respectively. Could there be real world analogues to these types of spacetimes?

   Imagine now that there is indeed a grainularity of spacetime on the order of the Planck Length and Planck Time of 10 EXP 35 meters and 10 EXP 43 seconds respectively as suggested by the Unified Field Gauge Theories attempting to unify the four known forces, String Theory, The Theory of Branes, Loop quantum gravity, Holographic Information Theory and the like. But further consider the possibility that their might be a realm of space characterized by much smaller distance scales wherein the spacetime continuum becomes continuous again but not in the sense suggested by string theory inwhich the radius of the rolled up dimensions or compactified dimensions or radius 1/R is indistinguishable from the distance R on the scale of the Planck Length. I have often wondered whether or not there could exists whole universes or substructures on such sub- Planck distance scales wherein these sub Planck spacetime realms have a smallest level at which their spacetime becomes discontinuous followed by a yet finer continuous space-time which in turn has a smallest distance scale at which its spacetime becomes again discontinuous on ad infinitum.

   I have often wondered if this process is repeated in the other direction for distance and time scales ever greater than that of our universe, other simmilar sized universes or universes on the same level, and paralell dimensional real spacetimes to our universe.

   Furthermore, I have often wondered if our space time does indeed have an ultimate fined grained scale on the order of the Planck Length and Planck Time wherein there would be no smaller scaled continuous regions as conjectured above within but wherein there might be a superposed spacetime having a continous nature on a distance scale much much smaller than that of the Planck Length and Planck Time which our quantized spacetime (at the Planck levels) interacts with or does not interact with in a casually detectable way or does not interact at all in any casual manner. Perhaps this superposed spacetime could have any of the qualities of the spacetimes conjectured about above. Perhaps there is an arbitray finite or even infinite number of such superposed space times.

   The point to all of this is that the set of possible geometric and topological objects is absolutely unlimited. The fact that there exists an infinite number of dimensions in abstract space and as a result, an infinite number of types of abstract space curvatures and in even greater cardinality of infinity of total numbers of different degrees of curvature should give the reader an appreciation that our knowledge of space time and of associated quantitative spatial and temperal dimensions of extendedness is only in its very infancy and probably has all eternity to be improved upon in terms of our understanding of such. Moreover, if we can conjecture about the existence of greater or lesser cardinalities of infinity, why not assume that in abstract mathematical space, there exist an undefinably large cardinality of infinity of spatial dimensions. Why not further speculate as to whether there is a real world analogue to such undefinably large cardinalities of infinities of spatial dimensions, spacetime dimensions, and oddly enough realms where there are as many temporal dimensions!

   Remember, we went from counting days of the lunar cycle on totums as prehistoric man, to postive and negative numbers in the middle ages, to calculus via Newton, to Fourier Analysis, Non Euclidean Geometry, and Differential and Integral Equations as of a couple of hundred years ago, to modern set theory, digital computational logic and math, topology, and potential understanding of potential real world 11 dimensional spacetime as in string theory and the theory of Branes, and the mathematical logic behind quantum computers in just 1 millenia. What will our lexacography and epistimological developments allow us to ponder in the comming millions of years?, billions of years?, trillions of years?, …? Basically, anything that can be abstractly imagined in terms of math can be said to exist in abstract mental space by definition. Anything that any intellegent extraterrestrials can imagine in terms of math can be said to exist in abstract space. Anything that pure spirits such as angels can imagine mathematically can be said to exist in abstract space wherein these angels are conjectured to be unbounded by space and time because they are pure spirits and therefore are much more intellegent and powerful than any bodily ETI beings could be because these pure spirits are not bounded by a brain or nervous system.

   Now since all major faiths on Earth hold in general that God is infinitely superior to all creation or to the cosmos, and to paraphrase the Bible, is inexpressebly and incomprehensibly exualted above all things, above the Heavens and the Earth, above every name in Heaven and under the Heavens, above every name that is, in the present and in the world to come. If we humans, as religious beings (as we are according to the New Catholic Catechism), and we are all religious whether or not we are aware of this fact because we all believe in some sort of higher power be it some pantheistic universe God, some God like ultimate ETI civilizations, the natural cosmos or Mother Nature herself, or in a “ONE” ALMIGHTY “GOD” creator of Heaven and Earth, etc.., can imagine such lofty things and yet have only just begun to understand the physical laws of our little universe corner of the created world, how much more can we and should we expect that we have been outdone by the Almightly GOD, creator of Heaven and Earth.

   I have a sister who is a Devout Born Again Christian, and although I am a Roman Catholic, I have been frequently comforted in the past by my sister wherein having gone through some personal difficulties as a young man, she would always encourage me that this life is simply a stepping stone in Eternity. Regardless of whether such encouragement is an accurate account of man’s would be eternal future, I offer the readership of this site my strong confidence that mankinds return to the moon and eventual travel to Mars is just a stepping stone of what we can and will do as a civilization in this life, in this world as we begin our jouney out of the cradle of Planet Earth and eventually to the stars, and then beyond our local interstellar neigborhood into the eternal blackness and depths of space time which may only be limited by GOD’s almighty and unlimited power to create, to put and turn his thoughts and imagination regarding mathematical objects onto and into the paper of his creation. In short, I am convinced that GOD’s ability to create space and time in all of its varieties, extent, and forms, far surpasses, infact utterly unimaginably infinitely surpasses all of the imaginative abilities and powers of mathematical abstraction of all angels, ETI civilizations, and humanity combined.

   We as the human race about to leave the cradle of Earth have an awesome responsiblity to be good stewards of our universe and to respect all rational lifeforms in the cosmos as made in GOD’s image and likeness including all of the members of our own species and any ETI we will encounter as we venture outward. We are a brilliant species that has come from riding on horse back to routine missions into outerspace aboard the Space Shuttle and Russian manufactured rockets, from counting on an abacus to single supercomputers that can perform as many computations in one second as can one million of the best state of the art DELL Personal Computers working at full capacity, and sadly and perhaps stated with reservation, from the crude combat methods of hand to hand combat, spears, swords, and bow and arrows to nuclear weapons so powerful that they can vaporize an entire modern city in under a millisecond and reduce a proximate human body to a plasma with the temperature of the interior of the Sun in a fraction of the millionth part of a second. We must end the fighting and warlike mannerisms that have held our specied hostage from our very beginning. If mankind should become extinct, will it have been our own doing? To paraphrase the late great Carl Sagan, what would any ETI civilization think, if upon happening to be viewing Earth from afar with their scientific instruments, they should suddenly see thousands upon thousands of white dots appear all over the entire planets surface.? What legacy would we then have left them?

   Thus, as a sometimes lonely feeling advocate for human progess and peaceful space exploration and colonization, I implore all readers of this site to support candidates for office, where ever they can, who are committed manned space flight and also committed to buildling an human civilization of love and which respects the God given integrity of all human life. Remember, how we treat each other may well be indicative of how we will ultimately interact with and treat ETI civilizations. We must be steadfast promotors of universal peace for we can then be fully welcomed into the galactic civilization as brothers and sisters in peace.

   That’s all for now.

   Thanks;

   Your Friend Jim

8. george scaglione on December 27, 2007 at 11:37

   jim you know when it comes to all the dimensions you suppose i sometimes wonder if we are not already involved in that type of situation in a way in that : we might already have multi verses as per hawking and any number of parallel dimensions in any one of them !! TALK ABOUT INFINITY! also,don’t forget that theory,i think we mentioned it last week,where our universe( !!!) is just an atom in a vastly larger megaworld and…. excuse me….. that vastly larger mega world is just an atom in a larger one and so on and so on!!! also this theory works in both directions the worlds keep getting smaller and smaller too !!!!!! i’d kinda bet that at least some of all of the above that you and i both have said is true.do not forget that old saying, “the universe is not only stranger than we suppose,it is stranger than we CAN SUPPOSE!!!” as i said above my friends… talk about INFINITY!!! fantastic stuff ! hope i hear from as many readers here as possible on this new and incredible turn the conversation has taken. respectfully one and all your friend george

9. James M. Essig on December 27, 2007 at 18:14

   Hi George and Forrest;

   We are getting to have a real threesome discusion panel here. Lots of great ideas expressed by all of us.

   I read at a different site of the concept of producing a Bose Einstein Condensate of very high density by cooling the constituents condensates atons to such a degree that they overlap in terms of there relative positions but in such a way that the effective size of the individual atom becomes several meters or more all the while wherein millions if not trillions of tons of matter would be made to exist in the relatively tiny volume of one cubic meter or perhaps even one cubic centimeter.

   Upon producing such a superdense Bose Enstein Condensate, the system would suddenly be shocked by thermal energy, gamma radiation, or some other form of penetrating radiation wherein the overall temperature of the system would rise on the order of a fraction of a Kelvin or just enough to cause to Bose Enstein State to revert to a normal noncondensed state with the implication that the degeneracy pressure among the individual electrons and protons which are charged Fermions which obey the Pauli Exclusion would repell each other with outstandingly high pressures unlike any system mankind has ever devised including the several hundred million atmospheres that may be generated in effecient hot nuclear fusion devices which can have peak internal temperatures theoretically well above 1 billion K even for non shaped charged spherically symmetric nuclear detonations.

   Just how much pressure and energy could be generated from such a Bose Enstein Condensate if probably anyones guess if such can even be made to work. However, I think a renowned nuclear weapons scientist or at least someone for sure was credited with the calculations that if the Earth where to be squeezed down to the dimensions of a Earth massed blackhole or about 1 centimeter in radius, if the force of gravity did not exist, much less the enhanced gravitation at general relativistic limits of black hole formation, the energy to squeeze the Earth to such a high density would be many many orders of magnitude greater than that contained within the observable universe. Note that at this density, the Earth mass would be about 10 EXP 12 times denser than the atomic nucleus and several orders of magnitude denser than the densist quarkonium contained within the hypothetical quark nuggests that might be left over from the Big Bang. Note that the mass of the Earth is only about 10 EXP 30 times the mattery contained within the observable universe. The relivance of this point, abiet on a much smaller scale, is well understood given the enourmous degeneracy pressures that just might be generatable within such a super dense shocked Bose Enstein Condensate as suggested above.

   The implications of such a energy source if it can be generated in the above mentioned manner for manned interstellar and intergalactic space travel is enormous. This essentially potentially unlimited energy supply could be used to power the following types of propulsion systems: reactionary thrust propulsion, field effect thrust, or space time warp propulsion systems e.g.,; ion or electron rocket, magnetohydrodynamicplasma drives, electrohydrodynamicplasma drives, electromagnetohydrodynamicplasma drives, photon rockets, and the like propulsion systems; magnetic propulsion , gravity field propulsion, or antigravity field propulsion systems; or spacetime warp propulsion craft, systems for electromagnetic, electrogravatic, gravatic, or antigravatic teleportation in space and/or time, inter-universe propulsion systems, higher dimensional space and/or time travel systems, temporary or permanent wormhole production based transport systems etc.. Thus travel into higher dimensional space time, parallel dimensional spacetime, other universes etc., might be facilitated by this technology.

   That’s all for now.

   Thanks;

   Your Friend Jim

10. James M. Essig on December 27, 2007 at 22:35

    Hi Folks;

    To correct an error I made in my previous posting. The mass of the Earth is obviously only about 10 EXP – 30 times the mass of the observable universe instead of the typographical error of 10 EXP 30. made above

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

11. forrest noble on December 28, 2007 at 19:19

    Hey Jim, George,

    In the case of a Bose-Einstein condensate, so far I’ve heard of only two protons being pushed together (– all below is According to my theories–),

    They, accordingly, are two spinning loops that when properly cooled can exist in the same location back to back as they spin. At this point they are vulnerable to being tied together; I call it engaged; like a neutron, a combined particle, an electron, proton, and binding material which when radiated away is called a neutrino. This condensate might in the same way be bound together by the quanta from some form of low frequency EM radiation. If this joined state could remain stable, all different sorts of new materials might be created around their combined nuclei with maybe some very interesting properties.

    As far as a magnetic laser and “forces” in general are concerned they work something like this. All forces are based upon either pushing forces like Gravity and magnetism which are based upon accelerating field particles which change field pressures. The Earth as well as all matter, according to its mass, radiates away vast quantities of field particles in the form of EM radiation creating a low field pressure surrounding all matter. New matter accelerates toward this low-pressure area which surrounds all matter. This continuous cycle of inward- accelerating field material is the source of gravity.

    As for Magnetism, an electromagnet/ permanent magnet has within it a continuing electrical current. This condition was discovered in the 1920’s. As this circulates within the magnet, free electrons moving through the atomic/ molecular structure, aligned the magnet atomically. All electrons radiate photons and create waves the same as all spinning particles. The nature of the atomic/ molecular structure is of magnetic material such as iron is conducive to the electron/ current flow at a frequency of 10 to the 9th power cps. These waves are incoherent, meaning they are not emitted in unison. They apply a continuous field radiation of incoherent wave pressure which aligns not only iron but also intervening atmospheric gases such as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. This alignment decreases the firmi pressure (presure between atomic electrons) between the two magnets. The ambient fermi pressures will accordingly push these two magnets together. A similar explanation involves magnetic repulsion.

    As far as other so called forces: the Strong Force which in pan theory are the coil itself with its umbilicals. Try to pull it apart and it will resist like stretching a spring– since it is spring shapped. In conventional theory this is accomplished by the “stickiness” of gluons. The Nuclear binding force in Pan Theory is the result of the forced engagement of neutrons and protons which become mechanically connected, like when you push two springs together. Try to pull them apart lengthwise—pretty tough. Not as strong as the spring itself though which would be the Strong force. The Weak nuclear force is when a neutron forcefully engages another neutron on the periphery of a nucleus. This surface mechanical connection will eventually dislodge from the continuous spinning of the nucleus or its encounters with other particles, hence it will be radiated away.

    As for a magnetic laser, it generally requires just one major electro- mechanical element—a surface that reflects magnetic waves at maybe 1/8 of a degree angle. Once magnetism can be reflected it can also be focused, hence a concentrated beam. The details of this have not yet been written or published in detail by me because of the weapons potential. Simply you could knock-out (magnetize) the electronics in any satellite, aircraft, missile, ground communication systems, power generation systems; automobiles in general, telephone systems, cell transfer stations, etc. After knocking out these systems an attacker could say—surrender or we’ll let you starve.
    Nice!

    The flip side is the cool space propulsion systems that conceivably could be developed—something along the lines that we’ve discussed. Magnetic repulsion generators could come from ground systems and the craft itself could also have an auxiliary propulsion system.

    All for now, forrest

12. James M. Essig on December 28, 2007 at 22:47

    Hi George and Forrest;

    Forrest, thanks for the above comments and details about your theory. The development of the PAN theory is sounding more and more fascinating. As for the magnetic laser, WOW! what a weapon that would make! It could be very destabilizing and result in a new arms race to develop very potent and dangerous exotic weapons systems especially bad in the hands of those with far from benevolent intentions. Still I think if possible, such a device should be developed for its interstellar manned space flight potential.

    It occured to me that some sort of hybrid forces might be developed such as low energy level combos of the electromagnetic, gravitational, strong and weak nuclear forces wherein the mixed or blended forces would not be the same as the unified forces that exist at the level of the grand unification energies. Concepts such as the low energy level electroweak mixing parameter and simmilar mixing parameters among the other force in various combinations might somehow be used to create truely low energy blended or mixed forces with their own mixed quantum force carrier particles or bosons and wherein the particles that the forces act on could have blended or hybrid properties so as to interact with these bazaar bosons.

    For example, the blended bosons could have abitrary relative degrees of any conbinations of the four known forces. Note that the concept of the associated fermionic particles I am proposing does not involve the notion such as of a quark which reacts to both the nuclear and electromagnetic forces as well as gravity, but instead involves a more homogenious blending such that the characteristics of the individual force components of the force combinations of the 4 known forces are completely blended and loose their distinct identity as opposed to the quark possessing a well defined descreet electric charge at the same time posessing its color and its flavor.

    Thus some sort of completely blended bazaar combinations of electric charge, quark flavor, quark color etc might be producable with various combinations or levels of relative force characteristics introduced into the particles.

    As far as bosons, combinations of any combination of the 4 known fundamental forces with the Higgs Bosons might be possible. Combinations of the supersymmetric bosons such as the squarks, sleptons, snuetrinos and the photon, gluons, weak force bosons, gravitons, and Higgs Bosons might be possiblea Combinations of the supersymmetric fermions of the photino, gluinos, gravitinos, weak force bosonic supersymmetric counterparts with the leptons and quarks might be possible.

    now one might argue that the quantum nature of particles and fields including the alledged apparent simplicity of the leptons and quarks as well as that of the bosons might preclude such blended hybridization however if the origin of these forces is considered at their most fundamental levels then perhaps there is some room to speculate about such completed blended and perhaps even some partially blended forces and associated fermions.

    If such forces and particles are indeed possible to construct, great care would need to be taken such the the production and sustainence of these particles would not result in some sort of irreversable phase change racing throughout the cosmos by altering the vacuum energy state or through some other mechanism. If a phase change is possible, then perhaps an exothermic phase change can be induced such that it dies out yet liberates tremendous amounts of energy for powering any of the the following types of propulsion systems: reactionary thrust propulsion, field effect thrust, or space time warp propulsion systems e.g.,; ion or electron rocket, magnetohydrodynamicplasma drives, electrohydrodynamicplasma drives, electromagnetohydrodynamicplasma drives, photon rockets, and the like propulsion systems; magnetic propulsion , gravity field propulsion, or antigravity field propulsion systems; or spacetime warp propulsion craft, systems for electromagnetic, electrogravatic, gravatic, or antigravatic teleportation in space and/or time, inter-universe propulsion systems, higher dimensional space and/or time travel systems, temporary or permanent wormhole production based transport systems etc.. Thus travel into higher dimensional space time, parallel dimensional spacetime, other universes etc., might be facilitated by this technology.

    Note that the concept of the naked singularity such as an uncloaked blackhole singularity is somewhat analogous to the concept of blended forces such as the ones I am conjecturing about. However, a naked singularity as such might produce much more chaos within our universe if some how produced including scrambling of the structure, spacetime, laws of physics, forces and particles within our universe as well as scrambling the existential qaulities, order and integrity of cause ans effect within our universe. In short, a naked singularity might be very very dangerous, so much so that perhaps even the most advanced ETI civilizations within our universe would not want to somehow produce one or let one somehow evolve naturally.

    That is all for know;

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

13. george scaglione on December 29, 2007 at 15:37

    jim,forrest,thanks for all the great comments in the above three or four postings but lol in the new year as we have all expressed before : i just hope alot more people jump in! respects and a VERY HAPPY NEW YEAR TO ALL!!! george ps if i have not done above comments justice,sorry, it is only because i am tired and even a bit hungry! hell of a couple of days! will try to do better in 08! :) g

14. James M. Essig on December 30, 2007 at 5:36

    Hi George, Forrest and other Folks;

    Thanks for the above comments.

    As you know, this past week brought out some comments about infinities to which I would like add some additional comments.

    As I mentioned earlier, it has been said that the concept of greater and lesser infinities cannot necessarily be said to be inconsistent within the frame work of mathematical logic. For more information on the concept of cardinality of infinities as such, I recommend the reader review some of the works of the late great mathematician by the name of Georg Cantor (1845-1918).

    Aleph-null is held to be the “smallest” infinite cardinality, on the order of the integers) and its power set. Aleph-one is a cardinality consisting with the continuum of points on a real number line. Aleph-two, Aleph-three, Aleph-four,… all the way to the highest cardinality or unlimited cardinality of infinity of Omega are the cardinalities according to Cantor.

    Now because we can describe abstractly the notion of Omega, why not rationally describe a set with Omega points in it or Omega elements in it and label it X1. One can then simply by a one to one correspondance with all of the members in a set of Omega elements simply overlay in the abstract sense a parellel set with the same number of points in a simmilar way that one can imagine a parallel set of real spacetime continuum dimensions except that the abstract notion of parallel sets of Omega with a one to one correspondance is not limited to the reality of physical space and time.

    If we have gone this far, why not consider an infinite number or Aleph-one set of parallel sets each with Omega number of identical elements. Let us not stop here. Why not consider an Omega number of parallel sets each with Omega number of elements contained within. Let us not stop here. Let us further consider a set O1 consisting of an Omega number of parralel sets each such set with an Omega number of paralell sets each of which has an Omega number of elements.. Let us not stop here. Let us imagine a set O1,1 composed of O1 number of paralell sets wherein each such paralell set has O1 members in it. Let us not stop here. Let us further imagine a set O1,2 which as an O1,1 number of paralell sets each with O1,1 elements in it. Likewise we can consider O1,3, O1,4, O1,5, …, O1,(aleph one),…,O1,(Omega),…,O1,(O1),…,O1, ((O1),(O1)),…,O1,(O1,((O,1),(O,1))),…, onward forever, even symbolically written as an eternally unending ever growing sequence listed within GODs absolutely unlimited mind which I believe according to Catholic Theology, which, to paraphrase the Holy Bible as a collorary to Sacred Scripture is, (becuase GODs mind is God Himself), so far above every name that can be named as the Heavens is above the Earth. I believe GODs intellect is expressibly exaulted above every name that can be named in this life and in the world to come. In fact, althought I am not attempting to impose religious doctrine on any one, I will share with the reader who may be unfamilliar with the Catholic Faith at least for the purposes of cultural exchange, that accordingly, GODs mind is so powerful in the Divine Person of the Father that GOD The Father in essense duplicates himself as The Second Distinct Person of the Holy Trinity as His Amighty Word Coequal and consubstantial with the Father in every manner.

    Another way that I have considered the topic of infinities is to make a lexocagraphically logically intellegable statements such as: The empty set is to the set with O1,O1 elements as the set of O1,O1 elements is to A1 as A1 is to A2 as A2 is to A3, … , as A (aleph one) is to (A (aleph one)) + 1, …, as A (O1,O1) is to (A (O1,O1) )+ 1,…, oneward HO! absolutely forever in GODs absolutely unbounded mind.

    For smalless of sets one can say A((O1,O1)) is to the empty set (which by the way is not the same mathematical concept as the value zero), is to ~ A((O1,O1)) as ~ A((O1,O1)) is to ~ (A((O1,O1)) + 1,…, Onward HO! for all eternity in GODs mind.

    For even larger sets, one can say ~ A((O1,O1)) is to A (O1,O1) as A (O1,O1) is to A1,1 as A1,1 is to A1,2,…, as A1,(aleph one) is to (A1,(aleph one)) + 1,…, A1, A1, …, A1(A1,A1), …, Onward HO! eternally forever in GODs mind.

    And so on and so on forever and ever!

    Now if a rather ordinary graduate physics student like myself can intelligably use lexocagraphy to denote such infinities, just think of what the pure spirits of angels can metaphorically write down on the infinite metaphoric paper of their mind. Further, just think what GOD can write down given all eternity on the metaphoric paper of his mind.

    If you who believe in GOD, and I think we all do whether we admit it or not to ourselves or other people regardless of one’s religious belief system, then you must be impressed by the potentially unlimited set of created objects GOD can and may have created by putting onto the metaphorical paper of His creation, the ideas of his vast mind. I believe in GOD and his vast unlimited ability to create and I believe that GOD is a megalomaniac when it comes to creation. If he was not going to “super do ” his creation and make great creations, why would he have created in the first place.

    For those of you who are professed athiests, and I believe that there are many of you who are brilliant, upstanding, and good citizens with many moral virtues, I would ask you to ponder the question that if there are at least somethings that exist, why should there not be far more than we can see, even infinitely more. If you believe only in a finite set of things, then what is outside the set? At the very least, you must admit that there is lots of memory in the universe wherein bodily beings far more intellegent than I can continue with the work of infinities construction using lexocagraphy, logic, analogy, and electronic paper along with their much greater powers of abstraction to continue this writtten construction for a physical eternity. The fact that we can do such as rational beings perhaps points to something in human and ETI natures that is ultimately created by a loving GOD and which transcends the physical world.

    Thus we at least as a species have many interesting things to ponder and potentially an ensemble if not infinite number of ETI persons to share our ideas, feelings, effections, love, and technologies yet to be dreamed of but not yet dreamed of by anyone (by either human or ETI) anywhere in the this universe. I like to think about the possible existence of infinite numbers of ETI species in all of their potential physical body types and forms as well as the potential infinite number of unique and beautiful future human and ETI personalities.

    I hope I did not ramble on too much.

    PS, I saw the movie “I Am Legend” at a midnight showing here in Northern Virginia this morning. I recommend every one see it as it shows how careless use of technology might effect our species. We must continue to develope ever more advanced technologies because that is part of what it means to be human, but it must never be used in acts against human nature and against natural law. When we do such, we risk losing a part of our humanity. With our exponentiating technological and scientific developments, we have the power to do great good and form a civilization of love or to do unspeakable evil. The choice is ultimately ours. Let us use our intellectual resources wisely.

    Thanks;

    That’s all for now.

    Your Friend Jim

15. george scaglione on December 30, 2007 at 14:42

    jim thank you buddy i think a great deal of what you just said is very probably true! as to i am legend depicting a dangerous use of technology…you bet! we surely had better be careful !! glad you saw it that way…but as i think i said once before the movie was also “just a bit” lol unpleasant! just afew postings above by the way -and i just had a look to recall that i was remembering correctly – i too suggested one heck of a group of possible infinities and i think too that there is a real good chance of all of that also being possible.this may or so the LHC in switzerland/france will hopefully go into operation and i have read that there is a possibility that we may just find out a very great deal that all of us here would like to know! by the way we can all find a very good article on all of this in the january edition of popular science on page 46.also a good little note saying that in august we can look forward to another shuttle mission to the hubble space telescope.an instrument that i sincerely hope we can keep our hands on for as long as possible!!! well done nasa! i look forward to may for two reasons,the opening of the above mentioned lhc and a trip i plan to princeton university to see as much as possible of the things that interest me which is really quite alot.sort of an intellectual trip to disney land as it where! had a basic physics coarse in high school only time i ever got scores like 105% on tests.naturally takeing extra credit questions into account! but anyway hope i hear from any or all of you real soon and all the very best to one and all for a very happy and productive new year!!! your friend george

16. forrest noble on December 31, 2007 at 2:49

    Hey Jim, George

    Just saw on the wire today the odds for a hit on mars next month by the asteroid went up to 25 to one. If there was a hit I bet they would try to send the rovers to investigate if they stay alive that long. It would be interesting however. There might be a permafrost on Mars, possibly just a few feet below the surface near the polar areas and conceivably elsewhere as well. If it struck a place like that maybe we could find evidence of underground water like here on Earth. I feel certain there are places on Mars that contain water reservoirs underground, but it might be more difficult there to find it than striking oil here.

    If there once was life on the surface it might still exist in or near underground reservoirs.

    Jim, the above is out of my “area of expertise” so I don’t have any related ideas.

    Will go to the movies tomorrow night since my son will go with me. I’ll try to see “I am legend” if it’s been released out here — or if not the new Predator movie– intend to see them both.

    all for now, your friend forrest

17. george scaglione on December 31, 2007 at 13:02

    forrest yes that asteroid hit might indeed cause us to reap unexpected benefits.want to take this opportunnity also to wish you and jim and paul and ALL our friends here a VERY HAPPY new year!!!!!!!!! george

18. forrest noble on January 1, 2008 at 21:01

    Saw I am Legend also last night. I made a posting– but don t know if it s in moderation or if I lost it. Maybe it was just individual e-mails. Anyway I liked the movie but thought some might increase their fear of genetic engineering– that in my opinion has the greatest of potentials– but fear often rules the world. Look what happened to our atomic energy programs.

    talk to you soon, your friend forrest

19. James M. Essig on January 2, 2008 at 0:03

    Hi George and Forrest;

    I saw AVP2 last night. It was a fascinating movie with what I thought was an interesting plot. Even though many folks would tend to think the movie was unrealistic, it did bring to light in the minds of the audience the issues we might have to face in dealing with ETI in less then optimal terms if such should ever occur.

    It occured to me to mention phase changes such as occured early on in the formation of our universe according to the Big Bang Models. As we are aware, this freezeout of the seperation of the force of gravity from the strong-electroweak force, the freezeout of the strong nuclear force from the electroweak force, and the freeze out of the electromagnetic force from the weak force as supposedly occured during the electroweak seperation during the early instants of our universe occured as phase changes analogous to the development of ice crystals on the surface of a freezing cup of water.

    One a very small scale, an ice crustal looks homogeneous in structure. As we look at the ice crystal on a larger scale, the crystal looks inhomogeneous with various, some what ramdom, orientation in its crystalline structure. Now as most of the readership has likely heard from major theoreticians and Big Bang Modelers, the individual inhomogenieties in the frozen surface of a cup of ice or within a single ice crystal may be analogous to distinct regions within our universe often referred to as domains wherein the laws of physics, numbers and types of forces, particle types and structures, fundamental constants, and spatialtemporal dimensionality including number of dimensions and degrees of curvature etc., frooze out of the superheated early Big Bang to take on the various characteristics that they possess. Moreover, the nature of these natural characteristics from one domain to another would very just as the characteristics from one location of an ice crystal very with respect to other portions of the ice crystal. These phase changes allegedly occured as vacuum energy state freezouts which occured somewhat or entirely randomly to produce the “ice crystals” of the domains of our universe.

    Note that according to many versions of the Big Bang Theory, these domains are vastly greater in spatial extent than our observable universe. According to at least one proponent of the theory of Chaotic Inflation, the domain we live in may be of rather ordinary size and even if finite may extend out to as far as 10 EXP [10 EXP 12] lightyears. Infact, in some versions of the respective theories, just our universe or Big Bang alone may have resulted in an infinite number of domains, some or all of which may themselves be infinite in spatial extent.

    If such freezouts have happened in the past, it is likely that analogous phase changes could occur within the future thus resulting in the destruction of the current laws of physics, number and types of forces, number and types of particles, constants of nature, number and degree of curvature of space time dimensions etc. within our universe. Such proposed future phase changes include other future periods of inflation even perhaps permenantly unchecked runaway inflation, to the seperation of the electric and magnetic field components of the electromagnetic force in a simmilar way that the electroweak symmetry was broken during the last major phase change within our universe.

    As such, the possibilities of such phase changes pose a potential hazaard to all distant future life forms within our universe. Thus, as mankind studies the relationship between human consciousness and the human brain and perhaps ETI consciousness and the various probable forms of ETI brains, we will also need to keep in mind possible ways to transfer human consiousness and ETI consciousness to other more fundemental types of media or perhaps even media that are more accidental and less fundemental to the medium from which the universe originated. This might be required inorder to provide a mechanism for continued existence of human and ETI races and civilizations through destructuve phase change transitions as they occur.

    In doing such, we will learn more about the existential, ontological, and accidental properties of the mysterious thing we call consciousness with all its varied thoughts, intentions, acts of will, emotions, feelings, drives, instincts, and structure of which the first philosophical and scientific systematic attempt at analysis such as for the human consciousness resulted in the catagorization of the human psyche into the following components by Sigmund Freud: the unconscious, the sub-conscious, the conciousness, the id, the ego, and the super ego.

    Now assuming that Fruedian Psychodynamic personality theory has any basis in reality, we can always ask whether or not there are additional components to the human and/or ETI psyches that have not yet been intellegabalized. Perhaps the unconscious, the sub-conscious, the conciousness, the id, the ego, and the super ego are fundemental aspects of human psychic nature along with numerous other elements of the same level or catagorial type. Perhaps these elements are only accidental or semiaccidental properties that subsist in a more fundamental substance or essense such as is ofter refered to as the soul or the essense of the soul in the Systematic Scholastic Theology that was developed by Saint Thomas Aquinas during the middle ages.

    In any case, it will be interesting to learn more about the ontological, accidental, and existential properties of human and ETI psychic processes as our ability to minipulate the human and/or ETI brains developes which hopefully will remain minipulation for medical purposes such as for the improvement of psychic functioning, perhaps improvement in some or all fundamental aspects of intellegence and perhaps the development of new aspects of intellegence, the developments, refinement and enhancement of human and/or ETI emotional abilities, the developement and enhancement of human and ETI social abilities, perhaps even the further development and refinement of human and ETI spiritual capabilities (although traditional Judeo-Christian Faiths would not agree that this is possible without the grace of GOD), and perhaps the development and refinement of physic or paranormal abilities of human beings and ETI alike.

    In a certain sense, the often mysterious, often taboo subject of psychiatric medicine has already begun this process with psychotropic agents such as antidepressents, antianxiety medications, mood stabilizers, antipsychotic medications that can often bring the most non-functioning of the mentally ill back into normal, and in some cases, outstanding levels of psycho-social functioning and abilities. Even the ubiquitous human sexual appetite and level of performance that was once a rarely openly discusses but charished aspect of human nature has proven to be apparently enhanceable by the many sexual performance enhancing agents such as those sold under the trade names Viagra, Levitra, and the like. The U.S. military has been studying a naturally occuring brain chemical that apparently removes the need of sleep in human beings and laboratory animals yet enables sustained high levels of cognitive functioning without the side effects of mental exhaustion and without any of the excessive stimulative effects of amphetamines, caffiene and other legal or illegal stimulants. The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation to dramatically improve the functioning and alleviation of symptoms of those who suffer from mood disorders is allready a well established and often superior treatment to the practice of electroconvulsive shock therapy.

    Who knows, we might find that consciousness is a property or aspect of inanimate raw physical matter wherein such consciousness has different characteristics associated with different particles and fields, even perhaps different and emergent properties in various forms of bulk matter such as stone, ocean water, and yes, perhaps even in the various particles, energy fields that emminate within the human central nervous system, physical microscopic and macroscopic brain structures and their electrochemical activities, etc. In a sense, in this life, the latter has already been proven to be highly coupled with the whole spectrum of human psychic activity from contemplative prayer to basic fight of flight instincts. In fact, transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques have been used in experimental settings to almost completely disrupt the contemplative prayer activities of devout experimental volunteers by disrupting the brain activity patterns that have been experimentally associated with the contemplative prayer of the devout.

    Truely, mankind is advancing in all manner of scientific, philosophical, and technological disiplines and together we can reach out into the cosmos and meet any ETI brethen that might exist out there and help truely form a universal and cosmic civilization of love as human and ETI races cooperate with each other and among themselves. So to all of the Tau Zero readership and everyone else, let us plan as human beings to boldly go where no man has gone before, to boldly think what no make has thought before (where applicable of of course), and to dream the dream and make reality the dreams of Centuari Dreams. Remember, this life is just a stepping stone in Eternity. And this solar system is just a stepping stone in this life of the future of humanity. As usual, in the spirit of Tau Zero, I say “To The Stars”.

    I hope everyone has had a great Holiday season and will enjoy the wonderments of the years to come.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

20. george scaglione on January 2, 2008 at 9:29

    forrest and jim, yes forrest you have indeed hit on one of my pet peeves! fear does indeed all too often rule!!!but in all fairness,recall kahn and the genetics wars from star trek!? would that all above turn me away from genetic engineering? in i well chosen word – no! jim,i too as you know like the big bang and pretty much accept the current models.in fact i am just comming to the end of a great new book i got for christmas ” deep space,the universe from the beginning” by stuart clark.respectful apologies to you forrest i know you hold a different opinion and i do hope that your book will be published soon.i can see it having great intellectual value most certainly as an alternate view to help facilitate debate and thought on the subject. nothing that could ever do any harm!!! that is about all for now hope i hear soon and that alot of others who read here will jump in. your friend george

21. James M. Essig on January 2, 2008 at 11:02

    Hi George, Forrest, and other Folks;

    George, thanks for the response. Genetic engineering I think holds wonderful promise for the further development of our species, the erradication of serious genetic based deseases, etc. If the ETI have sucessfully used it, I think we can also. As you are already aware, genetically engineered vegetables are all ready on the shelves of our grocery stores. I recently read an abc News Online report a few weeks ago about genetically altered house cats that glow under ultraviolet light: flourescent cats! Supposedly, there will be a market for them. The science of genetic engineering is fascinating and holds great promise.

    Forrest, good luck with getting your book published. Although I too believe in the Big Bang Model, often times radically new approaches like yours reset the whole paradymn and cause new ideas and interpretations to occur that are then experimentally consistent. I will definately buy a copy when it goes to market and encourage others to do the same.

    Any other folks, please feel free to jump in and comment. As a public forum, no idea is too advanced or too trivial to post. This interstellar travel endeavor will involve the efforts of all.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

22. forrest noble on January 2, 2008 at 16:12

    Yeah Jim, I saw AVP 2 last summer I think. I was thinking of AVP 3 which I couldn’t find anything on (because I guess it’s not even ready for the drawing boards as yet). It was a pretty cool movie. I’ll see the next one if/ when they make it.

    Jim, George, as far as Alien intelligence is concerned, I’m looking forward to the next step in artificial intelligence whereby the computer brain makes decisions based upon assessed and calculated probabilities, something like a Spock or Jordie type intelligence.

    George, I remember that Star Trek episode about Kahn that you referred to. As I remember it, he was accordingly conceived (born) in the late 1990’s. I think eugenics will be cool as far as preventing deceases and maybe improving intelligence as long as they throw in a few extra “humility/ humbleness” genes also.

    Also artificial life is an exiting field, trying to create replicating organisms by using much simpler chemistries than DNA/ RNA. When they do it there will be awesome future possibilities– like creating our own aliens. Of course we could do that right now with DNA but it would have to be entirely privately funded. Don’t think too many people would vote to spend public funds on such projects unless they could see a big pay-off– like possibly very beneficial/ usefull organisms for instance.

    All for now, your friend forrest

23. ljk on January 2, 2008 at 18:46

    As an old Star Trek fan, I must correct you, Forrest:

    Khan Noonien Singh ruled a good chunk of the planet
    Earth from 1992 to 1996, when he and a bunch of other
    “supermen” were defeated by baseline human forces
    and escaped aboard the S.S. Botany Bay into deep
    space, to be found several centuries later by one
    Captain Kirk of the U.S.S. Enterprise.

    http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Khan_Noonien_Singh

    Ah, the good old days, when the 1990s seemed so
    far in the future, to say nothing of the Year 2000.

24. forrest noble on January 3, 2008 at 15:11

    correction above:
    “I remember that Star Trek episode about Kahn that you referred to. As I remember it, he was accordingly conceived (born) in the late 1990’s.”

    The above statement should have said “I remember the Star Tred episode about Kahn that you referred to, but I don’t remember the details of it very well.” lol
    thanks for the correction ljk. Wasn’t the actor who played Kahn, Ricardo Montalbán?

    all for now, your friend forrest

25. James M. Essig on January 4, 2008 at 1:22

    Hi Forrest and George and other Folks;

    Thanks for the coments and responses. By the way, do either of you know if their is another Star Trek movie in the works? I think that I have seen all of the previous ones and really enjoyed them. Every time a saw a new release, I had an evening of pondering the potentially fascinating future of humanity including any future contact with ETI.

    A another interesting set of futuristic ideas occurred to me gradually over the years for which I am not the originator but for which I thought that the reader would be interested in reading about.

    The first idea involves the concept of many worlds as in the socalled many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics/theory. The idea, as most of the avid readership is probably aware of involves the notion that there are an infinite number of parralel histories with in our universe that exist side by side. Accordingly, every time a quantum mechanical event is realized or an instance where there is a socalled collapse of a wave function at any point within our universe or in any of the socalled parallel histories, an entirely new history comes into being. Note that this interpretation holds that there are histories that are almost identical to ours and other histories which are radically different atleast in terms of the large scale, mesoscale, and microscopic composite structiures and even within the relative locations of the constituent fundamental particles and field quanta.

    Accordingly, one way of understanding the path of a substomic particle through a particle detector involves the notion of the sum over histories approach wherein the path of the particle observed as it has travels through a particle detector involves the notion that the actual path is the average path taken by the particle wherein the particle travels through many or all of the parallel histories but wherein the actual observed path is the average path taken wherein the paths that are more removed from the actual observed path are washed out by the quantum mechanical averaging or cancelling process or the sum over histories process. Different versions of the many worlds interpretation vary in the degree to which the individual histories are reaified. Some versions and theorists hold that the sum over histories approach is just a mathematical abstraction or construct to aid in the convience and understanding of the mysterious phenomenon of quantum mechanics. Others hold that these histories are real.

    Assumming that these histories are real, one can imagine an infinite number of parrelel Earths wherein access between our copy and other copies will one day be possible. One can inagine some sort of infinitely long convoluted many parallel dimensional highway system or highway web wherein socalled cars travel between such parallel histories along these highways at speeds approaching and/or perhaps surpassing C. Obviously, such highways would have to have some bazaar form of construction and include some sort of station or other interface wherein the highways would pass through and connect other parallel Earths. The cars or vehicles would be of some bazaar type capable of velocities approaching C or perhaps even capable of super luminal velocities and so would probably have to be numerically driven and ride or pass by on frictionless medium.

    Perhaps such highways would actually be some sort of wormhole of have wormhole connections as interfaces between parallel Earths. Alternatively, perhaps some sort of multiple connectedness or interface between the spacetimes of the paralell Earths would permit rapid and seamless transit between Earths on such a highway system. Alternatively, some sort of gravatic, electrogravatic, or electromagnetic portholes may link the parallel histories in much the same way that natural spacetime teleportation events are conjectured to occur by Bermuda Triangle phenomenon enthusiasts.

    One can imagine a gradual connection and colonization of an infinite number of uninhabited parralel Earths. One could also imagine meeting the human or humaniod inhabitants of various other parrelell Earths.

    If the same many worlds interpretation holds for the case of the parallel Earths as it does for the entire Big Bang as a whole, then perhaps the amount of space within our Big Bang is effectively multiplied by infinity thus permitting far more space to explore (infinity more space) even within our Milky Way Galaxy based on the potentially infinite duplicity of the Milky Way Galaxy within the set of infinite parallel histories within our universe. How much more space would there be to explore given the infinite duplicity of our observable universe, and infact the infinite duplicity of the overall Big Bang which is universally held among Big Bang theorists to extent far beyond the limits of the observable universer and which infact may actually be of infinite extent, even in terms of just a single history.

    Presumably such parrelel histories could have a vast system of wormoles connecting regions within a single history of the universe and into, among, and between the presumably infinite number of such parallel history universes. Perhaps such parrelel histories of Earth, the Milky Way, and our universe as a whole could be generated continuously by an ever progressing series of natural and/or manmade collapses of wavefucntions. Perhaps even parallel histories of the requisite characteristics for the cross over of human and/or ETI inhabitants from our universe, or from among other parallel histories to our universe, or between other parallel histories could occur thus forming an ever growing fractal tree of parallel histories.

    Now, presumably, each Big Bang that supposedly forms within the parent/child universe formation concept of chaotic inflation theory of Baby universe formation would have an associated infinite ever growing set of their own parallel histories. Presumably, each lineage or extended family of universes forming each each fractalverse. would have its own infinite ever growing set of parallel histories.

    I have no certain idea whether of not we will ever access such parallel histories of Earth etc., but one way or another, whether it is simply to reach out into our local interstellar niegboorhood in the one history we are sure about and then out into the depths of the Milky Way and beyond, we are going places as a race and I have the intuition, based on the shear number of extrasolar planets we are finding, we will find inhabited planets and meet our ETI brothers and sisters, or whatever form the ETI take.

    As a Catholic who believes in the validity of the allegded apparations of the Mother of God or the Blessed Virgin Mary which accordingly occured during the late 1910s in Fatima, Portugal, I am encouraged by Our Lady’s message that we can enter an era of peace, prosperity, and economic emppwerment for all and presumably an era of great scientific achievement and technological development that can be profound. But according to many theologians who study the message of this apparation, this Era of Peace in terms of whether or not it comes to pass depends on how we conduct our dailly lives and live out our call to be messagers of peace and charity to our niegboors and fellow citizens.

    We; as a global civilization armed to the teeth by modern scientific weaponry that has trained for the the unthinkable for the entire second half of the 20th century until now, as a civilization that has fostered careless use of the resources of the Earth in ever increasing consumerism that rapes the planet Earth of its natural resources and results in probable severe consequences in terms of green house gas build up in global warming, and the casual acceptance of antilife practices (not to get over political here) such as but not limited to apparently careless regard for the occurance of armed conflicts and coups that afflict many of the worlds developing and empoverished nations, are at a cross roads. If mankind commits suicide and fractricidal extermination of perhaps the rest of the species on our planet, it wont be Gods will, or the will of the ETI civiliztions, but will occur and come about as a result of our own free choices and careless disregard for our actions. We are at a cross roads, much is at stake here, we need to choose to form a civilization of love wisely.

    That’s all for now.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

26. george scaglione on January 4, 2008 at 9:32

    hello all,about all of the above,yes i recall how cool it seemed when the 1990’s where THE FUTURE! 2000? lol forget about it! and yes i too want to see the new star trek movie!and jim are you saying above…excuse me for being dense…that the universe may be a series of big bang/crunches? i can see that,yes sir why not!? thank you and…where it is very nice when ljk jumps in i sure wish afew of you others would too!!! :) your friend george

27. forrest noble on January 5, 2008 at 17:47

    all for now, your friend forrest

    It sort of seems that way to me too Jim– that we are at a crossroads. Some good decisions by us in the next say 10 years may set valuable presidences for the foreseeable future– for us to stop acting unilaterally and let the UN do its job.
    To “choose a civilization of love wisely”, the best available vehicle for good-will, I think, is working possitively with all the countries of the world through the structure of the UN.

    all for now, your friend forrest

28. James M. Essig on January 5, 2008 at 20:47

    Hi George, Forrest, ljk, and other Folks;

    Very interesting comments above! Given that the UN is the premier international body that transends national boundaries, as you said Forrest, pehaps that would be a great way to start. Can you imagine the kind of space programs we could have funded if the money for the war in the Middle East instead could have been directed into manned spaceflight hardware and mission realization plans!

    Also, ljk and others, please feel free to jump in again.

    An interesting rather artistic concept for the future of mankind as a possibility has occasionally occupied my mind ever since the late 70s and for now is probably more relegated to the subject of science fiction than to the field of future manned interstellar travel and colonization concepts.

    The concept involves that notion of the construction by humans of a huge multiple dimensional dwelling in hyper space or higher dimensional space.

    This concept is reminiscent of the city and beings of light that revealed themselves to some of the leading characters in the plot of the popular late 1970s TV series Battlestar Galactica. In the respective episode, some of the crew leaders of the rag tag Battlestar Fleet had apparition like visions of a civilization of light and beings of light occupying higher dimensional space after this higher civilization had saved the Battle star fleet from destruction by an evil entity.

    The dwelling could be composed of anywhere from 3 dimensions to any cardinality of infinity number of dimensions. The space-time could be divided up among several to numerous sets of parallel dimensions as popularized by science fiction enthusiasts or take the form of a continuous many dimensional space-time similar to the continuous nature of the 4-D ordinary Einsteinian space time that we are familiar with.

    Alternatively, hyperspace space-time cities of many dimensions could have separate volumetric domains of a variety of dimensions with optionally similar or varying degrees of curvature.

    The city could optionally be constructed in any of the proposed higher dimensions of space-time of the types of space-time having the aspects of the higher 11-D space time proposed to exist in string theory and the theory of branes.

    Alternatively perhaps the space time could have fractional numbered dimensionally or an irrational numbered dimensionality such as the fractional dimensionality of spaces defined by the fractal sets of chaos theory.

    Perhaps such cities could be built having infinite extensions within one dimension, multiple dimensional subsets of space time, or within all of the dimensions defining the space-time of the cities. If such were somehow possible, cities containing an ensemble of residents or perhaps able to contain an infinite number of citizens might be constructible given the depths of physical time in physical eternity.

    Perhaps these cities could be constructed of ordinary baryonic matter or some type of exotic matter such as super-symmetric matter, cold dark matter, negative mass, imaginary mass, etc. Another option is to construct the cities out of pure raw undifferentiated space time foam which according some older forms of quantum field theory that hold that the structure of space time at or below the limits of the Planck length and Planck Time becomes a discontinuous seething bubbly froth or foam with bubbles, arcs, voids and the like having the dimensions ranging from the Planck Length and Planck time all the way down to literally infinitesimally small size. Note that this space-time foam is accordingly the undifferentiated raw material out of which the space time and ultimately the matter and energy of our universe is constructed.

    Perhaps the human race can and will evolve into a higher type of being via either natural, manmade, or somehow Divine means and construct and/or inhabit one or more such cities of light in the far distant future.

    At the very least, the ongoing construction of the International Space Station offers us hope in the continued motivation of man to reach out and colonize space where appropriate.

    That’s all for now.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

29. ljk on January 5, 2008 at 23:31

    There is a Star Trek 11 film coming out Christmas, 2008.

    The plot involves the original series characters from their
    early spacefaring days.

    Details are here:

    http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Star_Trek_XI

30. James M. Essig on January 6, 2008 at 6:51

    Hi Again Folks;

    Here is a currently fanciful concept that is more in line with the spirit of a practical positron rocket but which would operate on yet to be discovered physics.

    Basically, the concept is simmilar to the interstellar ramjet except that it somehow involves the ability to convert normal matter into antimatter in a manner that requires an amount of energy very small compared to the restmass of the matter to be converted into antimatter. This conjectured process has not been developed by myself but I thought that the readership would be interested in hearing about it as a review.

    One can imagine a future technology that can convert matter into antimatter and vice verse wherein matter would be scouped up by a mechanism simmilar to that of a magscoup or an electric field scoup collection mechanism proposed for interstellar fusion ramjets. In this technology, part of the collected matter would be transformed into antimatter while the remaining part would remain as is. The two forms of matter would then be made to undergo pair annihilation to produce the thrust for the vehicle. The matter could be scouped up and converted to antimatter in batch mode or it could be converted into matter in a continuous feed mechanism. This is a very fanciful technology but has enourmous implications if it can be made to work.

    Perhaps starting with a lesser advanced more suitable technology of carrrying a large supply of antimatter in nuetral form that is of much greater mass than the non antimatter portions of the spacecraft assemblage would be more doable wherein interstellar matter would be collected by a magscoup or by an electric scoup and then made to gradually interact with the ship board supply of antimatter in either gradual continuous mode or in series batch mode processes.

    Another spin off idea to this concept involves the concept of converting cold dark matter (which appears to be located within our universe in five to six fold total greater mass supply than baryonic matter) into regular matter and antimatter in either continuous supply or batch supply wherein the resulting matter and antimatter would be made to undergo pair annihilation in either batch mode or in a continuous feed mode while optionally at the same time, normal baryonic matter is collected from the interstellar or intergalactic medium and converted into antimatter in either batch mode or continuous mode and made to undego pair annihilation in a matter antimatter powered propulsion system such as in a matter antimatter rocket.

    Now it is stated that their might be more than one form of cold dark matter or the cold dark matter may exist in one principle form of matter of the type predicted to exist within the theory of supersymmetry. Just as a review to the reader who may not be familiar to the basic concepts of this theory, supersymmetry theories of particles and fields propose that for each type of normal mattery boson, there exist a odd integer multiple of fundamental spin unit fermion and for each normal matter fermion, there exist a corresponding bosonic or even integer multiple fundamental unit of spin particle. For the normal mattergy photon, gluons, weak force bosons, and the graviton, the corresponding supersymmetric fermions are the photino, gluinos, fermionic weak force counterparts, and the gravatino. For the the normal matter fermionic leptons and quarks, the bosonic supersymmetric mattery counterparts are the three types of selectrons, the three types of snuetrinos, and the six types of squarks. Note that just as matter antimatter counterparts pairs exist for the normal matter particles such as the electrons and antielectrons, and the quarks and the antquarks, as well as the nuetrinos and the antineutrinos simmilar counterparts also theoretically exist for the supersymmetric fermions as well such as the Fermi Dirac pairs of the photino and the antiphotino, the gluinos and the antigluinos, the supersymmetric weak force boson fermionic matter counterparts as well as their antimatter counterparts, the gravatino and the antigravatino. Also note that even the normal mattegy Higgs Bosons should have supersymmetric counterparts called Higgsinos and that there should thus be particles called antihiggsinos.

    This being said, if the cold dark matter content of the universe along the path of a starship could somehow be converted into normal matter and/or antimatter, a potentially huge supply of energy could be available for matter antimatter rockets.

    Note that if normal matter can be converted easily directly into antimatter, than the potential energy available to power interstellar ramjets per volume of interstellar space increases by a factor of over 100. If cold dark matter can be converted into normal matter and normal antimatter, the amount of energy available per averaged unit volume of space within our universe increases by a factor of 600 over the supply of energy available from nuclear fusion to power ramjet like vehicles. When the factor of 100 is added to this factor of 600, the total energy available averaged volumetrically over space to power interstellar ramjet like vehicles is over 700 times greater than that derivable from nuclear fusion.

    It is interesting to note that the flight path of such a vehicle might be directed through regions of space containing relatively large concentrations of cold dark matter that are depleated of baryonic matter and also depleated of naturally occuring magnetic fields so that the drag imposed on the vessel could be greatly reduced thus allowing the matter antimatter reaction engines and any collection mechanism to potentially work much more efficiently than they would otherwise.

    The second concept I wish to discuss is a vehicle that slides along a multirail solid mechanical beam and which is pushed along or repelled by Pauli Exclusion Principle effects. In this concept, the interlocking components of a guide/propulsion system wherein each component would have a very large number linear surface contact manifolds for increased degeneracy pressure reaction area would be repelled relative to each other by electron degeneracy pressure, proton degeneracy pressure, and/or nuetron degeneracy pressure (if the guide and repulsor where made out of nuetronium), and finally, perhaps quark based degeneracy pressure (if the guide and repulsor where made out of solid quarkonium).

    I would imagine that a system based on neutron degeneracy pressure could provide for a much more intense repulsive force or accelleration relative to one the relied on either electron and/or proton degeneracy pressure for the same reason that the neutron degeneracy pressure within a neutron star that holds up the stars against collapse is many orders of magnitude greater than the electron degeneracy pressure that hold up a white dwarf against further collapse. Also note that quark based degeneracy pressure rail guide systems may offer much greater propulsive forces and accelleration yet over the solid neutronium versions just as quark stars might theoretically exist as stable intermediate states between nuetrons stars and their collapse into blackholes.

    Just as a white dwarf is held up against collapse not primarilly by the electron repulsive coulumbic force between the electrons within the electronic shells of the constituent white dwarf atoms and like wise, the nuetron star is held up against further collapse not by the contact pressure of its constituent nuetrons, but rather by nuetron degeneracy pressure, perhaps such degeneracy pressure guide rail slide mechanisms can provide a much higher repulsive force than can systems utilizing ordinary levels of either repulsive electric charge concentrations or repulsive magnetic flux density concentrations.

    That’s all for now.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

31. forrest noble on January 7, 2008 at 1:36

    Thanks ljk for the info on the new star trek movie. Next Christmas– OK I guess, if I must wait that long; am looking forward to it.

    Jim, George

    A reply or two back, Jim, I also heard of the genetically glowing cats developed in Korea. Right now they will be bread for genetic testing for disease study. They only glow red under UV light. That kind of glow doesn’t seem too promising for pets– but a glow is the dark cat would be cool. I think several types of jelly fish genes do that. I’m sure within the next dozen years we’ll see all kinds of new more positive genetic creations– some that we can’t even imagine right now. When I was a kid there was the Dat, a cross between a dog and a cat– but it was a hoax of course.

    all for now, your friend forrest

32. James M. Essig on January 8, 2008 at 1:00

    Hi George, Forrest, and ljk;

    Thanks for the feedback.

    By the way, I was just reading a website about the continuing development of the U.S. Air Forces Airborne Laser 747 missle destroying laser that will be able to destroy ballistic missiles in their boost phase with the shear energy of a 5 MW to 10 MW laser beam.

    The continuous wave laser beam system will have adaptive optics to keep the one foot wide beam on the same spot on a missile until the missle fuel tanks burst or if the missile is of a solid fuel version, until the metal housing of the missle heats to the point where mechanical failure of the structural components of the missle occurs. The beam will be a Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser or COIL and the plane will carry enough chemicals to be able to destroy on the order of 100 missiles while shinning light on a given missle for a few seconds until failure occurs.

    The reader might now ask, “Why is Jim bringing this up ?” The answer is that this laser is about 70 to 80 pecent effecient according to previous open sources as opposed to only a few percent effecient for many other types of lasers. Morover, the beam will be able to stay on target even at a distance of hundreds of kilometers because of the precision adaptive optics even given air turbulance experienced by the aircraft and the atmospheric refraction and diffraction efffects caused by atmospheric turbulance and density fluctuations.

    The point I am getting at is the potential to field a much more powerful system in orbit around the Earth or Sun to power solar sails, or IR based photovoltaic, thermoelectric, turboelectric powered ion electron, electron, or photon rockets for the purposes of providing beamed electromagnetic energy based interstellar manned space craft propulsion. The chemical used up in the lasing process could be recycled using thermal energy from the sun via solar energy collectors such as photovoltaic, thermoelectric, or turboelectric systems. The solar energy could be concentrated for such purposes by inflatable solar energy collectors simmilar to the ones that have been studied by NASA and L’Garde, a company that has done lots of research on thin film solar energy reflectors for NASA and the Airforce and who plans to launch a slow ambient solar energy powered interstellar space probe in the comming years propelled by nothing other than ambient solar radiation pressure. Note that the reprocessed chemicals could be used again for lasing and the cycle could continue in continuous or batch mode.

    I could see very large stations of COILs capable of putting out 10 EXP 14 Watts continuosly thus producing 3 x (10 EXP 22) Joules in 10 years. If only 1/3 of this energy where converted into ship based kinetic energy, then a craft with a mass of 100 metric tons could obtain a gamma factor of two and travel to any of the stars located within a fifty light year radius of Earth in approximately one average contemporary human familiail generation. A craft with a mass of 10,000 metric tons could reach a velocity of roughly 0.1 C in ten years thus placing stars within a 8 lightyear radius within reach of a working lifetime of specially choosen young crew members in excellent health, say between the ages of 23 and 30 years of age. The craft could be slowed by effeicient magnetic breaking mechanisms.

    There is no reason why the lasing power could not be increased to say 10 EXP 18 watts. Assumming a mission energy loss of 99 percent mostly due to dopplar losses at high gamma factors, a 300 metric ton craft could still reach a gamma factor of 100 in ten years thus permitting travel to any location within 3,000 light years of Earth (for a volume enclosing several million stars) within one average human familial generation ship time. A 30,000 metric tons ship could reach a gamma factor of 10 assumming 90 percent energy losses due mainly to dopplar beam redshift based losses.

    The following rought estimated do not assume any use of the laser bounce techniques such as the one being researched by BAE Systems. Such laser bounce systems could dramatically improve the gamma factors of transiting ships for the same laser power levels for cases wherein the type of propulsion mechanism used would be purely reflective

    As beaming stations where set up around nearby stars to beam light into the flight path of an incomming ship, dopplar shift losses would not occur, but rather red shift based incident beam power would increase dramatically as space craft gamma factors increased.

    In this scenario, the use of energy absorbing materials for photovoltaic powered, thermoelectric powered, or turboelectric powered ion rockets might be required to counteract and over power the drag induced by the momentum transfer between the beams photons and the ship. Alternatively, a reverse light sail material could be used such as a reflector or absorber made of negative index of refraction materials thus permitting the ship to be pulled forward and actually be accellerated by the incident extrasolar beam.

    With systems such as these and using simply chemically powered lasers powered by sunlight or starlight, travel throughout the Milky Way Galaxy becomes possible during a normal human familial generation ship time. For excursion into other nearby Galaxies, the laser power would simply need to be scaled up by a couple orders of magnitude. This could get us atleast to the very large Amdomedea Galaxy where eventually additional stations could be set up. Such a technology, in the very long term could very well allow humans to travel distances on the order of that of the dimensions of the observable universe in one generation of human lifetime providing appropriate G- force reducing mechanisms could be included within the ship’s construction to reduce the G loading on the crew. Such G load reducing mechanisms could include electric and/or magnetic fields or perhaps the passengers could be placed in hydrostatically sealed liquid pressure vessels to act as G suits able to provide protection at accellerations perhaps as high as several hundered Earth G’s.

    Chemical lasers with spent chemicals recycled by star light might be a great way to reach out into our universe. Other promising laser technologies may be developed such as electrically, optically, and/or thermally pumped lasers which could be powered by sun light and/or other star light, nuclear fission or fusion reactors, CMBR to electrical power converters etc. Harnessing the zero point energy fields to power such lasers might offer an ability to produce beams of essentially unlimited power for achieving much greater gamma factors and for reaching desired terminal velocities much sooner relative to both the ships reference frame and Earth’s reference frame.

    Using beamed electromagnetic energy to power interstellar space craft could bring us one step closer to Einstein’s dream of ridding along on a beam of light. If such could happen starting with COIL beams or simmilar space based beams in orbit around the sun, what future citizens of Earth, the Milky Way Galaxy, and the Observable Universe would have thought that such might have come about as a result of a laser weapons system technology developed by a very little known, obscure, geopolitical entity which was then put to use for peaceful purposes such as for space exploration.

    That’s all for now.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim.

    PS: There are a lot of interesting internet based documents describing the efforts to develope the ABL 747 platform and the history behind it. The first laser plane as such I think is scheduled to be fielded in 2009.

33. george scaglione on January 8, 2008 at 14:46

    jim thank you very much i pretty much guessed after afew sentences what it was you where driving at!!!!!! your friend george

34. forrest noble on January 9, 2008 at 0:55

    Yeah Jim, George, The recent conceptions that I saw on these laser defense systems screws up the heat seeking missiles in that a heat-seeking missile will follow the laser beam until its electronics fail then it would fall or move away in a random direction. I also read about the newer more powerful lasers that you discussed in development for defense/ offense. And I agree it has a good future potential for space flight/ acceleration with space sails of some kind.

    With today’s technology auxiliary power systems would still be needed to slow the craft down for orbit adjustments, or for landing or take-off.

    Many sci-fi movies for the last 50 or more years have had laser guns and cannons; before that they had “ray guns”. They definitely are on their way to making them for real.

    Your friend forrest

35. James M. Essig on January 9, 2008 at 4:28

    Hi George;

    Thanks for the response.

    I can imagine an interstellar travel system wherein a space craft would approach C very closely and then quantum mechanically tunnel just past C by over comming an energy barrier placed in the path of the near C vehicle. The barrier placed within the path of the vehicle could be some sort of exotic very low mass thin film sheet ejected from the vehicle itself or it could be placed if front of the vehicle from a stationary source in order for the space craft to experience extreme Lorentz length contraction in the direction of travel relative ti the sheet thus possibly allowing for a more probable jump of the entire vehicle past the light barrier based on the vehicles much more compactified wavefunction relative to the sheet. Alternatively, an energy barrier in terms of a defect or discontinuity in space time could be set up in front of the vehicle by the vehicle itself or from a slower moving or stationary source along the path of the incomming vehicle. Optionally an magnetic field, electric field, gravatic field, antigravatic field, or electrogravatic field or some other real force field energy barrier could be set up in front of the vehicle by the vehicle to act as the tunneling barrier. Perhaps minipulation of the zero point energy state(s) of the vaccuum of space infront of the vehicle could be a means to induce tunneling. Regardless of the tunneling inducing mechanism, perhaps the tunneling process could be sustained in a repeated fashion to permit time averaged superluminal travel over vast perhaps cosmic distances in spacetime within our universe and/or other universes.

    One way that such tunneling might manifest itself is by inducing the near C vehicle making the tunneling jump to do so in a permanent manner thus causing the vehicle to become made of tachyon or being effectively transformed into tachyon. In such a case, perhaps the vehicle could travel cosmic distances in space while traveling back in time only a few differential time units or Planck time units effectively allowing the vehicle to travel instantaneously in approximately foward time. In actuality, it would travel back in time under this scenario a few Planck Time Units while covering cosmic distances in space thus effectively traveling faster than instantaneously because it would arrive at its cosmic distanced destination before it left and would have thus beat a similar vehicle traveling the same distance without the passage of time by having already arrived at the distant location before the instantaneously traveling vehicle would have.

    Perhaps the sublight vehicle would need to reach a gamma factor of 10 EXP 25 or greater in order for the tunneling process to work by inabling a tunneling past a very narrow velocity barrier to achieve a superluminal jump.
    A means to achieve such a gamma factor might involve harnessing vast resources of zero point vacuum energy for reactionary propulsion systems, field effect propulsion systems, or warp drive propulsion systems. Alternatively, beamed energy, energy extracted from the interstellar medium, gravity assists from super-super massive blackholes, some sort of workable extremely high gamma capable revamped or improved interstellar ramjet concept, or the like might be required to approach C closely enough.

    In the case where exotic thin film materials are used to provide the energy barrier, perhaps some material made out of thermally cooled nuetrinos that is bound by the electroweak unification force might be doable. Remember that the rest mass of neutrinos is probably on the order of a few eV to a sizable fraction of an eV according to some models predicting the mass of the neutrinos. Thus the thin film might be deployable infront of the super high gamma spacecraft without causing damage to it for the case wherein the sheet is deployed from an approximately stationary source or it might be deployed by the space craft itself but sustain no appreciable damage or degradation by interaction with the interstellar medium because it would interact perhaps very weakly with the interstellar medium, even at high gamma factors. Recall that a beam of nuetrinos traveling at essentially C can travel through a light year of lead with little appreciable attenuation.

    The other concept of superluminal tunneling of a near C/sub-C space craft involves one that rolls up to a point in a manner simmilar to that which I have conjectured about previously. As a quick review, such a space craft would be forced to rotate along one axis until Lorentz contraction caused it to form essentially a line segment. The line segment would then be forced to rotate end over end until it became a point due to Lorentz contraction wherein the entire space craft would then be accellerated to just under C. A much smaller area energy boundary could then be deployed in front of the craft to cause or induce superluminal tunneling. The effects of such tunneling would then be simmilar to those described above. In the case of a point like contracted spacecraft, perhaps a single atomic, subatomic, or fundamental particle could be used as a means to provide an energy barrier in front of the space craft thus simplifying the logistics of deploying the energy barrier to the front of the near C point like space craft relative to the previous case mentioned above utilizing a thin flim barrier.

    The last concept I will summarize is one that has long intrigued me and it involves somehow converting an entire space craft into neutrino, neutrino like particles, solid neutrino material, solid neutrino-like material, or some other form of weakly interacting particle or solid material wherein the space craft could approach C ever so closely but experience essentially no drag what so-ever simply becuase it would not interact with the interstellar or intergalactic medium. There would be presumably be very little or no interaction with electromagnetic zero point energy fluctuations, little or no interaction with zero point fermionic fields fluctuations, litlle or no interaction with gluonic zeropoint field fluctuations as the craft approached C ever more closely wherein it optionally would deploy a means or an energy barrier for purposes of tunnelling past the speed of light in a single jump or in a repeated manner in order to produce simmilar mass-energy superluminal transport effects as conjectured about previously.

    These neutrino space craft or nuetrino like space craft would truely be analogous to near C or superluminal ghost ships. Upon converting the ship and its crew to a neutino like state or weakly interacting state, the crew might discover a whole new world or realm in which to interact. Perhaps such a realm would resemble the whimsical fanciful astroplanes of the subject of the paranormal except that access to such would be of a superior, more controlled, and more powerful, exacting means by the neutrino like space craft because such access would have all the rigors of technologicalized, mechanized, engineered, mathematicalized, and numerically controlled methods of precisely operating machinery.

    That’s all for now.

    Your Friend Jim

36. george scaglione on January 9, 2008 at 9:43

    forrest yes sir “ray guns” too are on the way.now lol if we could only fulfill the great promise of the moon mars and beyond! that bush stated…but hillary may finish!!!!!! best regards all your friend george

37. forrest noble on January 9, 2008 at 15:01

    Hey Jim, George,

    If we would ever find tachyon type particles/ waves (faster than light speed) not only would it greatly improve our space communication possibilities, it might enable us to talk with ET at very great distances with short response times.

    Any of the things mentioned above, Jim, would be awesome– being able to create space tunnels, wormholes–enabling super-luminosity or phase shifting. If not these things then something similarly awesome that we still have no idea of how to make it real or can’t even imagine it– such are our hopes for the future.

    your friend forrest

38. forrest noble on January 9, 2008 at 23:29

    George, Jim

    This has to do with a question George asked about wormholes.

    The original ideas that I had, go like this: After I explain the original ideas then I’ll get to the wormholes.

    Years ago, I was thinking of another relatively easy, low-cost way to just fly into space from the earth with a jet-sized craft. The lasers that we have right now, as far as I know are not strong enough to do this but they wouldn’t be too difficult to build because you could also need multiple lasers. What you would need to do is position these lasers in a circle about 200 yards in diameter faced at about 15 degrees from the horizon no more than maybe 2 feet apart. That’s about 1000 lasers in a circle. They would be pulsing lasers in the low-red range of the visible frequency, very hot lasers per unit of energy production– also very common as far as lasers go. At this frequency they penetrate the atmosphere pretty well but much of it would be absorbed in the form of heat before reaching space at that angle.

    These lasers pulses would be timed in such a way that at least one third would be active at any given time. What would happen is that a column of air 200 yards in diameter would rise as much as a thousand miles high or even higher if we wanted. The column would be held in place by the heat surrounding it until the lasers were stopped. At that time the lower part of the column would quickly fall back to the atmosphere and the higher parts would take awhile longer to gravitate back. A specially designed aircraft with a laser push-plate could enter this column of air and simply fly into space using conventional fuel, aerodynamics aided by a very strong strong tail wind.

    Another use that I thought of was to create an interplanetary siphon. Say you want to get rid of most of the atmosphere of Venus because you’re not a C0^2 fan and its too hot there to suit you—and you wanted to terraform the planet anyways. Because the atmosphere is so thick and rises so high that you could create from a space platform a similarly rising atmospheric column. In that case it could be solar powered. You send this column of mostly carbon dioxide gas off in the opposite direction of the planetary orbital motion and in the direction of the sun. All of this gas would remain in the inner solar system absorbing some heat and re-radiating it, maybe causing a little global dimming for us—possibly a fraction of a degree for a few thousand years, maybe the first step to terraforming Venus. You could also send up a lot of ozone from our lower atmosphere to the upper atmosphere stopping more UV light which also would contribute to global cooling since it wouldn’t get broken down so readily into O^2 up there.

    If you wanted to send atmospheres from one planet to another or to moons you could use the same gas columns through interplanetary space, and depending on their positioning, you could create a continuing siphon effect, a continuous flow until you wanted it to stop the lasers. Again you also could use focused solar heat. A lot more expensive to start with but no ongoing power cost. You could also put relatively large matter inside the columns in space to transport matter from one location to another without using a ship.

    Here’s the last use before I get to your wormholes– works like this. In this fast rising air column which you have created, the lasers would be imbedded underground with an opened tube upward. In the middle of this laser diameter, on a platform, would be a flying saucer shaped craft. When the lasers are turned on the air column would rise. There would quickly be a relative vacuum at the bottom of the column. At the center of this laser circle there would be a tunnel underground leading to the outside atmosphere. As the air column rises the hood would be slowly opened and the air would come rushing in and produce a strong upward wind behind the rising column. The outer surface of the saucer would begin to spin to a high speed. The inside would counter rotate and remain stationary relative to the ground controlled by gyros. The control of the upward air flow would control the assent of the saucer craft. Once it got near the top of the air column, as high as a thousand miles away from earth, it could continue its acceleration by changing the focus of the lasers to the pusher plate on the back of the craft. The craft could then go anywhere at any speed relative to the conditions of the space neighborhood—whether it was clean or not. The same ground lasers could be re-focused by the craft in front of its forward momentum– to clear the path at the speed of light for potentially dangerous matter which the craft might detect in advance by radar. Up, Up, and away to the stars – or a least putt around in our solar system a bit.

    That’s the original idea.

    Now I’ll get to your “worm holes”. The same laser formation only a larger diameter can be set up on a low-gravity asteroid, moon—but big enough so that the impulses of the lasers would be inconsequential as to the body’s and the lasers relative position. The lasers would need to be maybe within inches of each other. The impulses would need to be in a very quick sequential rotation. This would cause a coriolis or vortex effect within the vacuum column, then containing only a few protons and electrons that would remain. As this coriolis grows in speed and intensity, even the field material within this coriolis would be forced toward the edges. There vacuum created inside this tunnel might be to the extent that it could not otherwise exist anywhere. A strong weightless craft (in space) in this tunnel, if the zpf for the most part could be eliminated (the zpf vortex would be created at the inside “surface” of the tunnel” a craft could travel at a speed only limited by the extent/ degree of this zpf vacuum. The craft itself once outside the vicinity of the earth would need its own circular laser system along with a central laser(s) to precede it. This system onboard ship would cause some drag of laser recoil forces against its forward motion so it would also need to be nuclear powered. The laser light in front of the craft would have no waves since there would be no zpf medium to carry the waves, only individual photons. They too would, accordingly, precede the craft in the tunnel clearing the way for the little remaining particle matter and zpf. As the craft would begin to move, space would be opened up behind it and the zpf would rush in causing anti-gravy—pushing the ship forward. This wouldn’t work too well on earth because in time you could lose too much of our atmosphere to space. This craft might theoretically (according to my theories) reach speeds of large multiples of the speed of light. Since the zpf would be for the most part gone there would also be very little time dilation due to its drag. As to Andromeda, the most likely way, according to this scenario, would be to get out of our galactic plane, moving at a right angle to it. The Milky Way is about 10,000 light years wide and from what we believe now we’re close to the middle of its thickness. So if you flew out lets say 20,000 light years you’d be well outside the plane of the galaxy. From that point you could head toward Andromeda, accordingly, at many multiples the speed of light. Slowing down the craft would be very simple since reducing the strength of the lasers would reduce the zpf vacuum within the tunnel in front of you causing a controlled drag. That’s the closest I can come to a wormhole George.

    your friend forrest

39. george scaglione on January 10, 2008 at 15:09

    thank you very much for that excellent reply forrest.believe it or not i have been so busy with this idea and other things that this is the first i have looked at the site today! but as i always say,any idea we all work on consistantly is an idea which has a good chance of getting somewhere! so,everyone,on the concept of traversable wormholes,can you help me out?what do you think? what should i read? best regards your friend george

40. James M. Essig on January 10, 2008 at 23:07

    Hi Goerge and Forrest;

    Forrest;

    Thanks for the above comments. It is indeed encouraging that there is room for faster than light travel within the PAN theory of relativity. This laser tube travel method offers a cool way around the 0.1 C to 0.15 C travel limits according to the PAN theory. This is very creative and ingenious thinking. I really enjoyed reading your latest posting above.

    George;

    Thanks for the bold and cerebral efforts on your part to make wormhole travel no longer a science fiction relic. Wormholes, if they are eventually developed, might give us technology superior to that of many interstellar spacefaring races including some of the alleged levitating craft that supposedly visit rural areas of the planet as reported persons claiming to have been abducted by UFO-based ETI beings.

    It has often been suggested that wormoles could be created by minipulation of the force of gravity via general relativistic spacetime distortion. Perhaps the use of electromagnetic fields might be utilizable to produce a door in space as an example of a wormhole like topological effect in space time because empty space has electromagnetic properties such as its magnetic permeability and electric permittivity. It may be the case that minipulating electromagnetic, electric, or magnetic fields in space could be a means by which to alter the structure of space time by altering its local electromagnetic properties thus producing discontinuities in the magnetic permeability and electric permittivity and other electrical properties of local space time which in turn may lead to discontinuities in the structure or topological properties of local space time such as wormholes, space time doors, multiply connectedness among space time regions and the like.

    It also occured to me that utilizing other fundamental forces besides gravity and electromagnetism might be of use in producing topological effects within the structure of local space time. The weak force for instance might faciliate space time topological effects via electromagnetism through the properties of the electroweak unification or the effects of the electroweak mixing parameter. The weak force itself without reference to its electoweak characteristics might offer a means by which to produce topological defects in the continuity of space time such as wormholes, spacetime doorways, and multiple connectedness. Perhaps the strong nuclear force could be of simmilar electromagnetic use via the strong-electroweak unification. Alternatively, the strong nuclear force might be of use to produce such topological defects without reference to its unification with other forces. The gravatic-strong-electroweak unification might be of simmilar electromagnetic use in producing topological effects in space time or perhaps gravity could itself be of use in producing not only general relativistic wormholes, but also other defects such as spacetime doorways of essentially zero thickness and space time multiply connected regions.

    Assuming that supersymmetry theories prove to be valid interms of the existence of particles and fields they predict, perhaps such forms of mattergy could be of use in producing topological defects in space time just as electromagnetism and gravitation might be able to do so perhaps along with the other two known forces such as the strong and the weak nuclear forces.

    Since our universe seems to operate as an existential unity in terms of its physical laws, forces, particles, and constants of nature, it occurred to me that the minipulation of the fields defined by the bosonic supersymmetric quanta of sleptons, sneutrinos, squarks possibly facilitated by the minipulation of the photino, gravitino, gluinos, Higginos, and the weak force supersymmetric fermionic particles, might permit the production of spacetime topological defects in terms of these particles’ and fields’ own properties. Alternatively, perhaps they could be used to produce electromagnetic, weak force based, strong nuclear force based, gravatic, electroweak, strong-electroweak, and/or gravatic-strong-electroweak defects in the topology of spacetime by virtue of the unification of the supersymmetric properties of totality of the particles and fields within our universe and that of the four known fundamental forces and the associated bosonic and fermionic particles.

    Now that the CERN facility will resume operation in the near future along with the proposed upgrade of FERMI-Lab in the United States, the discovery of additional particles and fields could offer humankind additional experimental and theoretical tools with which to grapple with the unsolved problem of producing such topological defects in space time by artificial means.

    Regarding the production of topological defects in spacetime, it further occurred to me that if two regions or volumes of space time could be made to be entangled in a simmilar way that particles such as photons and atomic spin states can be entangled, perhaps these space time regions could some how be seperated and by virtue of their quantum entanglement for lack of a better word, perhaps physical matter and/or energy objects located in one such entangled region of spacetime could be superposed or imprinted onto the distant entangled spacetime volumetric partner relative to the first space time volumetric region.

    Perhaps one such volumetic entangled spacetime region could be dropped into or merged with a rotatating supermassive blackhole wherein the space time region would follow a path toward and thru the rotating toriodal like singularity theorized to exist at the center of supermassive rapidly enough rotating blackholes as potential door ways to distinct locations in space and/or time in our universe or to such in other universes. The physical objects imprinted on the transported spacetime region could then be made to appear at distance locations in space and/or time in our universe or be made to appear in alternate universes.

    Perhaps macroscopic magnetic and/or electic fields can produced and entangled such that the entangled fields could then be moved along with their sources in such a manner that an object located in one such field could be teleported or imprinted on its quantum mechanically entangled counterpart even in cases wherein the entangled fields would be removed over cosmic distances from each other. Perhaps the production of entangled analogues with the other 3 known fundamental forces as well as among the supersymmetric field counterparts could be used for imprint based teleportation of macroscopic objects as such located within these fields.

    The last concept I wish to discuss involves the concept of space and antispace or spacetime and anti spacetime as a remote analogue to matter and antimatter. The other concept involves the notion of negative space or negative space time remotely analogous to negative mass or negative energy. The concept of imaginary space or imaginary spacetime can be lexocographically constructed as remote analogues to imaginary mass or imaginary energy.

    If spacetime regions such as anti space or antispacetime could be made to interact with space or spacetime, would there be any form of annihilation or production of a more nuetral form of topological material (for lack of a better word) in such a manner that the resultant product could be used to faciliate interstellar, intergalactic, higher dimensional, or paralell dimensional travel into other universes or perhaps into other seperate universes altogether?

    No doubt, as discoveries are made in theoretical and applied physics and new theories are promoted or developed, lexocographically based logical statements can be constructed or questions formulated such as the ones given as examples above to further expand our knowledge and technical capabilities as a cosmically awakening civilization.

    That’s all for now.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

41. george scaglione on January 11, 2008 at 14:24

    forrest,jim,thank you both very much for your above thought provoking articles very interesting ones to read and i enjoyed them.i think that the wormhole travel concept i am currently espousing just might be doable in the not too distant future,especially if new physics regarding the very substance of the universe was to present itself beginning this summer when the lhc we spoke of above gets turned on at cern !! neat. as i understand this is supposed to be begun in may,correct me anyone if i am wrong. ironic that for so long i have trumpeted the use of the zero point field as a propulsion source for spacecraft.now i think that also it may be the key to the wormhole travel concept as well ! after all we would be dealing with the very essence of the universe!! i’ll keep my eyes open right here see any comments anybody may have on all of this,obviously i’d really like to hear. thanks one and all your friend george

42. forrest noble on January 12, 2008 at 21:01

    Hey guys, just yesterday I read this online article.

    Near the center of the Milky Way they think they have found a large cloud of positrons. The area has no visible matter except a close (little distance between them) binary star system. The area is continuously radiating gamma rays. There may be other possible explanations but they believe the positron model is the most likely explanation. If true, any large matter entering the area would produce a pretty big fireworks show. They speculate that this binary system is somehow producing the positrons.

    Maybe a possible fuel depot someday.

    Your friend forrest

43. Administrator on January 12, 2008 at 23:30

    Forrest, I wrote this up the day before you posted this, right here on Centauri Dreams:

    https://centauri-dreams.org/?p=1667

    It was the lead article yesterday and is now second from the top.

44. James M. Essig on January 15, 2008 at 3:56

    Hi George, Forrest, Paul and other Folks;

    Thanks for the responses.

    Another really far out and perhaps a little wacky idea occured to me after waking up from my evening sleep regarding energy storage and collection media for manned interstellar and intergalactic transport. This particular idea never occured to me before and just popped into my mind about 15 minutes before the start of this posting.

    Basically, the idea involves somehow finding or producing a large string, I mean a large string such as a large version of the strings in string theory which are supposedly on the dimension of 10 EXP – 35 meters or the socalled Planck Length. Upon producing such a large supersymmetric string, the string would be utilizable for its raw material content which could be enourmous especially if the magnified string would actually have a finite width and thickness that would be macroscopic on a blown up scale.

    Assumming that superstrings appear one dimensional on the scale of 10 EXP -35 meters with no width or thickness might not preclude macroscopic sized dimensions as such for magnified versions. Assuming that any sub-Planck thickness or width or hidden thickness or width would scale for blown up superstrings or actually otherwise be made to suddenly take on real sized physical width and thickness in two extra dimensions upon being blown up or otherwise manufactured in large macroscopic versions, the mass or energy of a 1 meter strings could be [1/(10 EXP – 35)] EXP 3 times that of a typical subatomic particle such as a quark, perhaps even a top quark at about 200 GeV/(C EXP 2). This would put the mass of such an enlarged superstring at rougly (10 EXP – 27)(10 EXP 105) Kg = 10 EXP 78 Kg = 10 EXP 75 metric tons. This is equal to (10 EXP 25)[(10 EXP 23)(10 EXP 27)] metric tons or about 10 EXP 25 times the entire mattergy contents within the observable universe.

    Now, assumming that superstrings when blown up may have additional hidden dimensions, perhaps up to 10 spatial dimensions, that are blown up or otherwise made macroscopically real when the string is blown up to macroscopic size, the mattergy content for each additional dimension that the string possesses might well be increased by a factor of 10 EXP 35 for each additional real macroscopic dimension of a one meter diameter string as such.
    For the 10 dimensional version of string theory as such, perhaps the stings which appears as a one dimensional loop in 10 dimensions on the scale of the Planck Length would have 10 macroscopic sized dimensions when blown up to macroscopic size. The mass of a one meter diameter a string as such might be a stupendous (10 EXP -27)[(10 EXP 35) EXP 10] Kg = 10 EXP 270 times the mattery of the entire visible universe.

    For Bosonic string theory which generally assumes 26 dimensions, the mass of a one meter diameter string analogue would be an astounding (10 EXP -27)[(10 EXP 35) EXP 26] Kg = 10 EXP 830 times the mass of the observable universe.

    For a string such as in 10-D string theory that was blown uo to 10 EXP 23 meters or roughly the radius of the observable universe at 10 billion lightyears with 10 magnified dimensions, the mass might be (10 EXP -27){[(10 EXP 35)(10 EXP 23)] EXP 10} Kg = 10 EXP 500 times the mattergy of the entire observable universe. For the 26-D Bosonic string theory, such a diametrically sized string would have a mass of (10 EXP -27){[(10 EXP 35)(10 EXP 23)] EXP 26} Kg = 10 EXP 1,428 times the entire mattery of the observable universe.

    The reader may now think assumming that the above scalling properties of strings just might be true for blown up strings, how the heck is one going to change the size of a string? Perhaps through the appropriate minipulation of some sort of vacuum field state within which the supersting space times or some more primitive analogue to such vacuum field or energy state in which such vacuum energy or vacuum field states subsist. This is the best answer I can come up with and is derived personal reflection over a story I once read in a periodical about a claim that turmed out to be a hoax made by some scientists claiming that an experiment damaged their laboratory by causing a fire. The hoax was apparently perpetrated to obtain insurance money by fraudulent fire damage claims. The scientists claim that they managed to accidently cause an electron to suddenly expand to the diameter of a volley ball or whatever and that the expanded electron smashed their computer monitor thus causing an electrical fire. They had even faked a photographic image of an electron which looked like a solid sphere such as in CAD drawings which at the same time showing a cracked CRT adjacent to the alledged huge electron. Their fraudulent claim was that some anomalous vacuum state effects that must have occured within an piece of electronic semiconductor (or whatever) caused the local microscopic vacuum state to become unstable thus causing the electron to suddenly become much bigger. After reading this story, I just had to laugh for about a minute or two. It was just too damn bazaar.

    The second concept that I would like to mention involves suddenly contracting the distance between two objects remotely located by contracting their distance of seperation within hyper space until they are colocated in hyperspace and then somehow imprinting that colocation onto 4-D ordinary Einsteinian spacetime perhaps by way of some induced spacetime analogue of particle quantum entanglement at a distance or through some sort of induced interdimensional multply connectedness of spacetime.

    Presumably any such space time volumetric “quantum entanglement” and/or interdimensional spacetime multiply connectedness could work interms inprinting the objects into higher dimensional space, parallel dimensional space, or other dimensional space such as a subset of the proposed higher dimensions of string theory. Perhaps the distance between an object in ordinary 4-D Einsteinian spacetime and a remote location in; higher dimensional hyperspace, an arbitrary subset of string theory dimensions, parallel dimensional space, another universe, a parallel universe and the like can be shortened to transport the object into a remote spatial and/or temporal location in our universe by such means as conjectured above, or into a proximate or remote location in; higher dimensional hyperspace, an arbitrary subset of string theory dimensions, parallel dimensional space, another universe, a parallel universe and the like by the conjectured means mentioned above or perhaps alternatively by being pulled into these alternate locations by distance contraction or perhaps by some sort of force that acts normally or otherwise to the object in its location in ordinary 4-D Einsteinian spacetime by away from the location in 4-D Einsteinian spacetime.

    Perhaps instead of distance contraction, some sort of distance expansion could be realized as analogues to the above to achieve analogous effects for ultimately the same or differing purposes.

    Now that I have perhaps bored the reader with such far out thinking, I would like to mention something a little more down to Earth and/or of near term practical significance. There is an article in the latest issue of Popular Science Magazine about a proposed Mach 5 large commercial passenger jet that leaves no emmissions except water vapor and which would run on hydrogen fuel. Apparently, the European Agency and/or Company researching this concept believes that their concept would not produce any dangerous emmissions or byproducts which could damage the ozone layer unlike that which caused the U.S. SST project to be cancelled. The point that I am getting at is that if they can figure out how to go to MACH 5 with this technology, maybe it can be used to accelerate a plane to orbital insertion velocity of MACH 25 before it leaves the upper atmosphere thus enabling a truely clean space plane with quick turn around time. I direct the reader to this issue of Popular Science for this fascinating article. Even though Popular Science is written in layman’s terms, I never cease to be impressed with the quality of their reporting. Lot’s of my former physics professors have told me that they enjoy reading it. Heck, Popular Science even did a story on the Stealth Fighter program a decade before the existence of the Stealth Fighter F-117 A was even publically agknowledged. They even got the basic shape and outside design of the plane remarkably accurately in their artist renditions.

    That’s all for know.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

45. James M. Essig on January 15, 2008 at 7:20

    Hi Again Folks;

    Note that in my fanciful calculations of the mass of a string with the diameter of the stated radius of 10 EXP 23 meters as being roughly the radius of the observable universe, I should have used the value of 10 EXP 26 meters. The value of 10 EXP 23 kilometers is actually close to the radius of the observable universe at 10 EXP 13 kilometers for each of the roughly 10 EXP 10 lightyears in the radius of the observable universe. Therefor, the final respective calculated values are off by several orders of magnitude

    It is interesting to note that the energy density of a one meter diameter string as conjectured in my previous posting above is about 120 orders of magnitude greater than the energy density of the observable universe if one expresses the volume of the observable universe as a hypersphere of diameter 2(1.37 X 10 EXP 26) meters filled with such strings stacked edge to edge in a 4-D matrix wherein the strings are placed one per hyperspheric meter in an hyperspherical matrix of 1.37 X 10 EXP 26 meters in diameter. This 120 orders of magnitude is roughly the same value as that for the latent energy density of the zero point vacuum energy fields predicted by some quantum field theories of the later part of the 20th Century.

    The rough order of magnitude relative energy density calculations based on the one meter diameter hypersperical volume enclosing a one meter diameter blown up string are as follows:

    Relative Energy Density ~ (10 EXP 25)[(10 EXP 26.4) EXP 4] = 10 EXP 125.6.

    The same result is given if the string is assummed to have the diameter of the universe (along with the two expanded additional dimensions of the string) as follows wherein the result is raised to the 4/3 power to account for the extra hyperspherical dimension of the hyperspherical model or more appropriateley, the hyperspatial 4-D model the observable universe:

    (10 EXP – 30){{[(10 EXP 35)(10 EXP 26.4)] EXP 3} EXP 4/3} Metric Tons =
    = (10 EXP 75)(10 EXP 105.6) metric tons yields 10 EXP 125.6 times the mattergy density of the observable universe.

    The same mathematical logic leads to the same result for relative energy density regardless of the linear dimensions of the 4-D hypervolume of the universe including the relative sizes of each of the four linear dimensions considered for the large volumetric element considered. For instance one can consider hypercubical subsections of the universe of any size greater than, equal to, or smaller than the observable universe and obtain the same general results and use a stacked matrix of hypercubes enclosing the strings or even use a hypercubic matrix of 4-D hyperspheres containing the strings as a reasonable approximation. One could just as well use a 4-D rectangular box to represent the observable universe in 4-D hyperspace wherein this volume would be divided up into rectangular sub boxes wherein one string would be placed in each sub box. The only restriction on the shape of the subboxes enclosing the subvolumes containing the magnified strings is that the smallest cross sectional dimension and the largest crossectional dimensions are close to the diameter of the string. For instance, you would not want to do the calculations of relative energy density using a one meter diameter string by placing the string in a 1 meter by 1 meter by 10 EXP 15 meter box. Likewise, you would not want to place the string in a 1 meter by 1 meter by 10 EXP -12 meter box either. Using such scewed dimensions would result in values significanly different form 10 EXP 120.

    Funny thing is, if one where to fill the fanciful 4-D hyperspatial universe with 200 GeV superstrings of 10 EXP -35 meter dimensions, the size that they supposedly have in nature, in boxes with roughly the same size and appropriate aspect rations, one would obtain the same value of the relative energy density of 125.6 orders of magnitude.

    If one assumes that the strings have the mass of the electron which is the smallest charged fundamental particle according to the standard model, then one obtains a value for the string based relative energy calculation of essentially 120 orders of magnitude, the value predicted by some of the quantum field models in the last half of the 20th century.

    That’s all for now.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim

46. James M. Essig on January 15, 2008 at 17:31

    Hi Folks:

    Regarding the above calculated value of 10 EXP 120, perhaps the significance of this value might lie in the possibility that 4-D Einstienian Spacetime within our universe has a latent vacuum state energy or whatever composed of somehow hidden real superstings wherein each string occupies a mathematical 4-D cell of approximately the strings greatest dimensions wherein this strings size bounds the greatest and least linear crossectional dimension of the cell. Perhaps the universe is a 4-D hyperspatial sphere or our region of the observable universe can be viewed as a general 4-D hyperspatial volume in which three spatial dimensions subsist in a fourth dimension of hyperspace, all-the-while the three spatial dimensions have appended to them the 7,8 or 23 extra compact dimensions of the various string theories, which ever version happens to be correct. These extra dimensions may or may not include the large fourth hyperspatial dimension.

    The stings might optionally take the form of zero point vacuum energy fluctuations wherein on average, there is one string per cell per unit time interval for cells of the approximate size of the strings diameter or largest dimension. In otherwords, the time average number and distribution of zero point vacuumm virtual strings might simulate a monolithic permanent 4-D distribution of such. If the average mattery of each such string was that of the rest mass of the electron, the value computed closely matches the factor of 10 EXP 120 as calulated in the above previous postings.

    Alternatively, the hyperspatial fourth dimension might simply be time posing as a fourth hyperspatial dimension for the conjectured 4-D hyperspherical or 4-D hypervolume of space. As the universe ages in time, its size grows because the radius of the socalled hypersphere increases as the temperal dimension grows with the passage of time. Accordingly, the temperal dimension would appear spacelike or have spacelike properties when viewed in the context of 4-D hyperspace, once again with the remaining extra or otherwise string theory dimensions somehow being separate and compactified and closly associated perhaps only with the non-hyperspatial 3 dimensions which would seem to have a macroscopic size commensurate with that of a 4-D hypervolume or hypersphere along with the 4th hyperspatial dimension.

    Perhaps if the 4th hyperspatial dimension of the above conjectured model is time, the past would actually exist and be conserved within the present since a factor of [(10 EXP 26.4) EXP 4](10 EXP 25) ~ 10 EXP 125.6 for top quark or Higgs Boson massed strings would seem to be at work here where the exponent 4 is associated with 4 dimensions rather 3, the value of three yielding a much smaller 10 EXP 99.2. For the electron massed sting model, the value using the exponent of 4 comes very close to 10 EXP 120.

    Thanks;

    Jim Essig

47. george scaglione on January 16, 2008 at 9:58

    jim fantastic stuff,even if i am not always 100% sure what to say! you sure keep thinking.i’ll say that!!!!!! the world could use more people like you. the concept of star ships etc might suddenly seem to jump alot closer to reality! good stuff and thank you your friend george

48. forrest noble on January 17, 2008 at 1:25

    Well guys, the asteroid missed Mars. Would have been too much excitement for the Martians anyway– sour grapes. Yeh Jim, I’m going for time as the 4th necessary dimension of matter.

    Jim, George, Einstein’s idea of a 4th physical dimensional of space to close the universe is an interesting concept but I don’t think it’s needed to explain anything. The extra dimensions of string theory, as I have read, were primarily proposed to explain the Big Bang beginning but also tries to explain quantum particle mechanics. As for me, I hope that reality is a lot simpler than that. I’m fond of logic and lost without it — even though my major was mathematics.

    your good buddy, forrest

49. george scaglione on January 17, 2008 at 9:15

    jim forrest,everyone – well when it came to something as highly problematic as an asteroid hitting something… i thought they got awful sure awful fast !! i am NOT suprised it missed. thank you your friend george

50. James M. Essig on January 17, 2008 at 18:58

    Hi George and Forrest and other Folks:

    George and Forrest, thanks for the ongoing comments and intellegent dialogue. WOW! PPRII OFT is up to 199 postings allready. We have quite a panel here although I wish more people would join in.

    Forrest:

    Simple is indeed better where applicable. I am encourged that time is a necessary fourth dimension of matter according to the PAN theory. It makes life and the universe more interesting.

    George:

    They did seem to make an awefully quick assumption. I just hope we find any such rocks on a collision course with Earth and learn to predict any such collisions with requisite accuracy so that wolf isn’t cried to often to the extent that the public and perhaps even governments do not become complacent.

    Thanks for the responses and comments.

    A few really odd ideas occurred to me in bits and pieces over the years, and most lately, essentially involves the notion that the socalled energy bodies of those who have claimed to have had out of body experiences as well as the dubious claims of those who claim to have the power of temporay out of body travel, might, if such energy bodies exist, be composed of cooled nonrelativistic neutrino like material, perhaps even cooled nuetrinos bound by electric force like interactions, perhaps even via the electromagnetic, electrodynamic, electrical, magnetic, or other manifestations of the electromagnetic force.

    My reasoning using the concept of material made out of cooled neutrinos is based upon the electroweak unification and electroweak mixing parameter at low nonrelativistic leptonic energies and associated fields such as those involving electrically charged particles within the relatively cooled makeup of the human physical or baryonic matter body. The general idea is that such energy bodies are formed out of neutrinos that come into being as a result of the electroweak processes of the electromagnetic component of the electromagnetic force which should be more broadly interpreted as a component of the electroweak force or the unification of the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces , a unification for which the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded.

    Perhaps any neutrinos that form any such electroweak-neutrino bodies are simply the result of cool neutrinos formed from the weak nuclear force aspect of the electromagnetic force either directly as a result of an energy/mattergy form transformation of electromagnetic energy into neutrino based weak interaction energy as embodied in the potential or ability the of neutrinos to undergo weak force interactions or indirectly by simmilar means. Perhaps through the electroweak interaction, these cooled neutrinos are bound by electric charge, electric fields, magnetic fields, and/or electromagnetic fields by virtue of their electroweak characteristics based on the electroweak unification. Perhaps these neutrinos carry an ever so small electric charge each with a magnitude of a miniscule fraction of that of an electron; perhaps as small as of smaller than (10 EXP – 6) e, (10 EXP -20) e, (10 EXP – 50) e, or much smaller as examples, wherein e = 1.602176487×10 EXP – 19 Coulumbs. Such small electrical charge values might manefest themselves or be associated with cool nonrelativistic neutrinos yet escape detection because of their tiny values and the fact that any such neutrino material and associated electromagnetic bonding forces would be completely obscured by the much more intense electromagnetic interactions associated with and the much higher electrical charge values associated with the electronic, protonic, and ionic interactions within the human physical body.

    Another possibility for the derivation of human energy body material is that such might be derived from electroweak, electromagnetic, and/or weak force interactions of fluctuations within the zero point electromagnetic, electroweak, and/or weak nuclear based fields or the latent potential for such virtual particle fluctuations. As possibilities, such fluctuations could include any subset of the following virtual particles, electrons, muons, Tau particles, any of the quarks which carry electrical charge, the electron nuetrino, the muon neutrino, the Tau neutrino, the proton, the weak force bosons (W-, W+, and the Z bosons), and the photon. Additionally, zero point field fluctuations involving the supersymmetric mattergy particle counterparts to these fermions and bosons might be involved, if only in an indirect manner. These additional fermions and bosons are: the bosonic sleptons, sneutrinos (named after neutrinos which are a subset of leptons), squarks; and the fermionic photino and fermionic counterparts to the weak force bosons.

    Nuetrino material as such I think is a perfect explanation of the allegded qualities of energy bodies such as their ability to pass through walls and other ordinay physical barriers quite simple because nuetrinos as particles can form a beam which can pass through a lightyear of solid lead yet remain largely unattenuated. A form of material that interacts more strongly than neutrino particles but still weakly and that can be modified by electrochemical development and physical shape of the body as the physical body developes would be a good explanation for the allegded fact that in the visions of the energy bodies of the departed young children of parents who have out of body experiences during a near fatal traffic accident, the children’s forms are recognizable by the parents, or the alledged fact that children will see and recognize the energy body faces and associated psychokinetic feelings associated with the faces of their departed grand parents during some near death experiences as a result of near lethal injuries or illness.

    If the socalled energy bodies are indeed made of such material, the understanding and/or enhancement of the human and/or ETI energy bodies as such might facilitate extended human out of body travel to perhaps very remote cosmic locations in space and/or time, higher dimensional space and/or time, higher dimensional parallel spacetime, parallel dimensional space time, other universes, paralell universes and the like. Perhaps energy bodies of humans can be technologically improved upon medically or otherwise inorder to enhance the ability to perform out of physical body travel and perhaps to enhance other paranormal abilities or psychic abilities.

    Another option would be to build inanimate space craft out of such energy body or cooled neutrino material wherein the durability, density, and mechanical strength properties of such space ships would far exceed those of any human and/or ETI energy bodies. Perhaps these craft could be made dense enough to carry real physical human bodies and other baryonic matter articles as payload to locations in other realms such as very remote cosmic locations in space and/or time, higher dimensional space and/or time, higher dimensional parallel spacetime, parallel dimensional space time, other universes, paralell universes and the like. Alternatively, perhaps such cooled nuetrino space craft could be used to carry human energy bodies of socalled astral-projecting psychics to locations that would be so inhospitable that the psychics energy bodies would be destroyed, annihilated, or torn to shreads if such energy bodies where not located within the protective confines of such vessels. Such locations might exist within the superhot enteriors of stars, the center of the Earth as the fabled location of the fires of Hell and Purgatory, the environments adjacent to and inside of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and blackholes. Note that if I were able to leave my body, I would definately not feel comfortable with entering a blackhole because near the singularity because the laws of physics, the structure of spacetime, and even the integrety of cause and effect and the relation between such is supposedly scrambled near and at the singularity. Mattergy may even be torn out of existence and destroyed at the singularity. The existence of any energy body and its definition by its location in space time as well as its extended properties or spatial shape or geometric shape which is a form of spatial shape, might be shredded out of existence if it ventured to close to the singularity and I suspect that if energy bodies exist, such would indeed occur.

    These possibilities also point to a dark reality that inanimate technology might be developed which could destroy human and ETI energy bodies, transform them into an animalistic state, or otherwise destroy them including the integrity of their individuality. This potential future ability of science and technology is just one reason why humankinds technology and scientific abilities have the potential for unspeakable evil including the ability to enslave, debase, and destroy human and ETI nature at its fundamental levels.

    The fact that an academically run of the mill graduate physics student such as myself can intellegably formulate and articulate the concepts as mentioned above shows that given the much more brilliant minds of the human race compared to my own, great evil, but more importantly great good can be accomplished. As the Middle East continues to be plagued with violence, coops and tribal warfare afflict the continent of Africa, China performs provacative acts like the sattelite shootdown last year, the U.S. Airforce apparently upping the ante by doing highly classified, basically black, R&D on antimatter based weapons according to some open maintstream sources publically available on the internet and previous general news periodicals, gun based violence is escalating again in many of our inner cities in the U.S., and the level of rudeness and intolerance is on the rise on our roadways, etc., we stand at a cross roads. Ultimately, we have to decide for ourselves at some interior level of our being that is far more sublime and intangable than even our most probably corruptable and destroyable energy bodies are (if such exist), and that is within the very depths of our immortal soul or the human heart, whether or not we stand for peace and death. We must in order to faciliate a civilization of progress and love, respect all human and also all ETI lifeforms we encounter at all stages of life and development. If we fail to do so, we risk loosing our humanity to the destructive capabilities of our science and modern scientific weaponry for which according to the Late Great Pope John Paul II, may already have the ability to destroy the human race in a burnt out grave yard of nuclear fallout. The stakes have never been so high, the potential rewards never so great. We must act wisely before time runs out for us.

    Thanks;

    Your Friend Jim