Sometimes nature does what huge telescopes can't manage. Tomorrow night, a careful amateur astronomer may be able to provide information not only about the tiny asteroid 45 Eugenia but also about the two moons that orbit it. At play is an occultation, in which these moons and Eugenia itself helpfully occlude a star for observers in various parts of the southern US and Mexico. Sky & Telescope is reporting the relevant times to be 5:42 to 5:45 UTC on March 9. Image: Eugenia and its larger moon, Petit-Prince. With a density only 20 percent greater than water, this main belt asteroid is either a loose pile of rubble or an icy object with sparse rocky materials. Petit-Prince orbits it at a radius of 1,190 kilometers. Not shown here is the smaller moon, Petite-Princesse. The animation was assembled from infrared images of the objects. Credit: William Merline (SwRI), Laird Close (ESO), et al., CFHT. Moons have been discovered in their dozens around asteroids ever since 1994, when the...
Dreaming of von Neumann
Science fiction has brought us so many concepts for colonizing the stars over the last hundred years, everything from interstellar arks loading thousands of colonists (the sea-faring metaphor) to worldships that see generations of crewmembers live and die during their long joiurney. Suspended animation can get people through a trip that takes centuries, while robotic wardens might oversee the safe passage of human genetic material that could be converted into a colony upon arrival. If you want to be on the cutting edge today, though, better look toward what George Dvorsky talks about in Seven ways to control the Galaxy with self-replicating probes. Here's a novel way to colonize a distant star system: Let a von Neumann probe find a promising planet and use the matter it finds there to establish a colony and fill it with settlers. Not the kind of settler that gets out of a suspended animation tank, yawns, stretches, and then walks out onto an alien landscape, but an uploaded...
Exoplanets Aloft: Affordable Mission Concepts
In today's world, one of the more useful gifts for a scientist to have is the ability to save money. Enter the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Wesley Traub, who copes with problems like NASA's indefinite hold on Terrestrial Planet Finder with a low-cost alternative of his own. Last year, Traub and crew experimented with the Solar Bolometric Imager, an observatory lofted by a balloon to altitudes of 35 kilometers and more. Their study of air distortions at those altitudes convinced Traub that the balloon's movements through the stratosphere would not distort received images, and that led to speculation about doing exoplanet science close to home. A balloon-based TPF? Hardly, but Traub does talk about imaging perhaps twenty exoplanets, according to a recent story in New Scientist. The method: A coronagraph teamed with a one to two-meter mirror. The so-called Planetscope weighs in at $10 million, making it a bargain when compared to space-based observatories, and cheap enough to tempt...
Arecibo Watches the Skies for Space Rocks
By Larry Klaes Tau Zero journalist Larry Klaes now looks at recent activity in near-Earth space, where a variety of objects have turned up just this year to remind us of the potential danger of impacts on our planet. With good connections at Cornell University, Larry is our point man for Arecibo information, the more of which the better as we assess the near-Earth asteroid issue and what can be done if one of these rogue objects is found to be on a collision course. The last two months have seen a fair number of objects from space making rather close encounters with the terrestrial worlds of our Solar System. In late January, a small planetoid designated 2007 WD5 made a relatively close pass of the planet Mars. Astronomers had earlier projected the planetoid might actually strike the Red Planet and hoped that one of the robotic spacecraft currently in Mars orbit would be able to record the 164-foot wide rock's impact on the planet's surface. However, as the scientists made...
Of Islands and the Imagination
Ever since I was a kid watching Adventures in Paradise on TV, I've had a yen for islands, the more remote the better. The show had quite a pull on a young imagination, as skipper Gardner McKay sailed the waters of French Polynesia in his schooner, turning up beautiful women and adventure at most every port. The thought of someday threading through the Tuamotus or setting out for Nuku Hiva and the Marquesas made my spirit soar, and to this day my fascination with maps is undiminished. So you can imagine how I studied the image below, and the kind of speculations it triggered. Because when you look at a map, you try to put yourself there in your mind, and perhaps no islands are more challenging to imagine than the ones pictured here. The work of San Diego middle school teacher Peter Minton (and thanks to Frank Taylor for the pointer), they're based on Cassini imagery peering through the murk of Titan's atmosphere at what seems to be an island group in a methane sea. Assuming, of...
Dark Energy: Dimming a Standard Candle?
How light travels through various media can tell us volumes. Take the phenomenon called 'extinction,' which describes what happens to light as it encounters dust and gas between the original object and our position on Earth. Studying this effect led to our earliest understanding of interstellar dust as a factor to be taken into account of when discussing the space between the stars. And because we have much to learn about what is in that space, a new observation proves useful indeed, adding to our options for the study of 'dark energy,' the mysterious repulsive force that seems to account for the accelerating expansion of the universe. Examining what they describe as a new form of carbon found within minerals in meteorites, Andrew Steele and Marc Fries (Carnegie Institution) examine the question of how these so-called 'graphite whiskers' might affect astronomical observations. The going theory is that the whiskers may have formed near the Sun early in our Solar System's life, being...
43rd Carnival of Space Online
The 43rd Carnival of Space is now available on Ethan Siegel's Starts with a Bang site, entertainingly offered in an 'Oscar winner' format that highlights an impressive array of contributions this week. The one I'll send you to first from an outer planets perspective is Bruce Irving's story on Music of the Spheres about robotic operations in extreme environments. Think Antarctica for upcoming tests, and Europa for long-term uses of this promising technology. The helpful video that accompanies the piece features Bill Stone (Stone Aerospace), whose underwater vehicle Endurance is now undergoing tests in Wisconsin.